Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Jan Willem Lindemans University of Pennsylvania Handwashing Behavior Change Think Tank February 11-12, 2014
Background
!! Behavioral Ethics Lab (BeLab) at UPenn !! Philosophy, Politics and Economics !! Director: Prof. Cristina Bicchieri !! Summer School on Social Norms (UPenn/UNICEF)
2
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
3
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
4
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Empirical expectations
5
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
6
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
7
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
8
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
9
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
10
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
11
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Normative expectations
12
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Lab experiments
!! Bicchieri & Chavez, 2010; Bicchieri & Xiao, 2009; !! Rule-following depends on normative expectations !! But empirical expectations more important than normative expectations
13
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Disgust as disapproval
!! Strong motive: individual + social !! Emotion ! expression
!! Facial !! Verbal: Thats disgusting!
14
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
15
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
16
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Caution
!! Chhaupadi in Nepal !! Anti-smoking campaign
17
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
18
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Caution
!! Chhaupadi in Nepal !! Anti-smoking campaign !! Hand washing?
19
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
20
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Norm evasion
!! When not watched, people evade norm (Bicchieri & Chavez, 2010) !! Solution: make behavior visible
21
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Norm manipulation
!! When ambiguous, people manipulate norm (Bicchieri & Chavez, 2010) !! Self-serving: lazy, difficult to change habit !! No-harm norm ! is not washing hands really harmful?
!! Ideal: bad behavior ! process ! harmful consequences !! Hand washing: no hand washing ! feces on hands ! viruses and bacteria ! become ill or make somebody else ill ! make yet other people ill
!! Belief that hand washing is harmful: soap hurts baby, spoils the meal, ... !! Deceive others or self; post-hoc rationalization
22
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
23
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
24
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Inform collectively
Make benefits of HW common knowledge: !! everybody knows it; !! everybody knows that everybody knows it; !! everybody knows that everybody knows that everybody knows it;
!! I know that you know that I know it ! I cannot give excuses
!!
25
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
26
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
27
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
28
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
29
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Discover collectively
!! (Collective) communication !! Collective observation
!! Microscope !! Smell
30
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
31
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
32
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
!! Hand washing: (religious) norm of purity, no-harm norm, child-care norms, good manners
Every day, I will have a bath with soap. I will always wash my hands with soap after going to the toilet.
!! Culture-specific
33
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
34
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
Conclusion
!! Hand washing as social norm: importance of empirical and normative expectations !! Social-norms approach influences all stages of campaign
!! 1) information stage ! 2) norms stage !! Information or discovery: collective !! Disgust: social
!! Thank you! !! Questions or interested in collaborating? Mail me at lja@sas.upenn.edu (= Lindemans Jan, School of Arts and Sciences, UPenn)
35
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms
36
J. W. Lindemans, 2014, Hand washing and social norms