Wireless & Mobile Communications-1a

Inderdeep Kaur Aulakh Asst. Prof. (IT) UIET, P.U.

Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications

Wireless Communication has evolved since Guglielmo Marconi has sent radio signal across the Atlantic
The evolution of the wireless communications over the years is like this: 1847 Marconi sent radio signal across the Atlantic

1946 First in-car mobile phone service

1947 Bell Labs presents Cellular concepts

 1978 CEPT (Europe Radio Club) reserve frequency in the 900MHz Band 1981 First Cellular system-Saudi Arabia

1982 CEPT created GSM (Global System for Mobile), it is a representative body in wireless communications
1987 GSM MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) has been written there are 210 paid up bodies and 105 countries belong to GSM main governing body

Growth of Mobile telephony as compared to other popular invention

Fig

Mobile Radiotelephone in the U.S

The first public mobile telephone in US was introduced in 1946. It had a high power transmitter and a large tower to cover a distance of over 50 km . It used 120kHz RF bandwidth in a half-duplex mode

 During 1950s, AT&T Bell Laboratories introduced cellular radio telephony-the concept of breaking a coverage zone into small cells each of which reuse the portion of the spectrum In 1983 FCC ( Federal Communications Commission) allocated 666 full-duplex channels for the U.S. - Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). This system operated in analog mode using FM or FDMA

 In 1991 U.S Digital Cellular (USDC) system hardware was installed, thereby AMPS phased out as more users accepted digital phones. The capacity improvement offered by USDC is three times that of AMPS, because digital modulation, speech coding, and TDMA are used in place of analog FM and FDMA Later CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access) has been developed by Qualcomm, Inc. and has been standardized by the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) as an interim standard (IS-95)

 In 1990s, a new specialized mobile radio service (SMR) was developed. By purchasing small groups of radio system licenses from a large number of independent radio service providers Motorola and Nextel has formed an extended SMR (E-SMR) in 800 MHz band that could provide capacity and services similar to cellular.
There are more than 50 Million cellular users in US today

Mobile Radio Systems Around the World

Many mobile radio standards have been developed for wireless systems. Some of the most common paging, cordless and cellular standards of the world are as below.

Paging:
The worlds most common paging system is the Post Office Code Standards Advisory Group (POCSAG). This was developed by British Post Office. It supports binary frequency shift keying (FSK) signaling at 512 bps, 1200 bps and 2400bps. The new paging system FLEX and ERMES provides up to 6400bps transmission by using 4-level modulation.

Cordless:
CT2 and Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT) are the most popular cordless telephone standards throughout Europe and Asia CT2 systems makes use of microcells, which covers small distance using base stations with antenna mounted. This system uses FSK along with 32 kbps adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM).

DECT system accommodates data and voice system for office and business users

Cellular:
The worlds first cellular system was implemented by the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph company (NTT) in Japan in 1979. 600 FM duplex channels 25kHz for each one-way link in 800MHz band In Europe the Nordic Mobile Telephone system (NMT 450) was developed in 1981 450 MHz Band 25kHz channels European Total Access Cellular System (ETACS) was used in1985 U.S followed USDC (U.S Digital Cellular) Japan: used Pacific Digital Cellular (PDC) standards Germany: used C-450 cellular standards in 1985 1990 onwards almost all of the European countries use GSM (Global System for Mobile)- 900 MHz band. GSM has gained worldwide acceptance as the universal standard

Thank You