Professional Adjustment

I do not claim that I have already succeeded or have already become perfect. I keep striving to win the prizeI really do not think that I have already won it. The one thing I do is to forget what is behind me and do my best to reach what is ahead. So I run straight toward the goal in order to win the prize.

(Phil. 3:12-14)

I. Brief History of Nursing

Eras Intuitive Prehistoric to early Christian era Untaught & instinctive Apprentice 11th - 19th Century (on-the-job trng) Educative "Nightingale Era" Formal Roots of Nursing 1st nrsg School Contemporary Turn of the Century up to present

1st Half

2nd half

Crusades 11th - 17th

Dark Period 17th - 19th

students train in hospitals under doctors

WWI train by nurses

WWII Men & Women

Nomads Survival of Fittest

Settlers Civilised

Religious Orders

Christian vs Protestants

Women (nurses)

Women (& Slaves)

Sick & Injured

Least desirable women of society

Family members

Family & Masters

Hospices

Prostitutes Drunks Thieves Prisoners

Rise of Protestantism & establishment of 1st nrsg school (Institute of Protestant Deaconnessess School of Nursing) at Kaisers werth, Germany Under Pastor Theodore Fliedner --school of Florence Nightingale

New Programs

Colleges & Universities

OLFU REVIEW SESSION

II. What is a Profession?

- an occupation calling, requiring advanced training and experience in some specific or specific body of knowledge that provides services to a society in the special field

What is nursing?
an art and science that requires the understanding and application of the knowledge and skills specific to the discipline provision of care for the individuals, families and groups throughout the entire life span from conception to birth; it draws knowledge and techniques from the physical, social and biological sciences

What is a Professional Nurse?

- person who has completed a basic nursing education program and is licensed in his/her country or state to practice professional nursing

What is Professional Nursing?

-an art and science dominated by an ideal of service in which certain principles are applied skillfull care of the well and the ill through a relationship with the client, significant others and members of the health team

What is Professional Adjustment?

growth of the whole individual and development of all his capacities (physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual) to make him fit to assume his position

Criteria of a Profession
1. Education to ensure safe & effective practice 2. Theory develops, evaluates & uses theory as basis for practice

3. Research testing/ re-testing theories for improvement of practice

4. Autonomy - autonomy in decision making and in practice (self regulating) 5. Code of Ethics dictates and prescribes professional conduct & behavior

6. Caring - the most unique characteristic of a profession

nursing as

7. Service from basic health education to planning community development programs

8. Continuing Education keep knowledge base current & demonstrates competency when required 9. Communicate Knowledge through nursing publications, websites, or one-on-one communication to inform knowledge & advances

Characteristics of a Profession:
*Altruism working for the good of society *Autonomy self-determination or right and ability to decide for oneself *Authority implies a body of knowledge; power to command *Accountability for conduct & decisions; committed to continue personal and professional development

Evolution of Nursing Education

Practical/Vocational Nsg Program - 9 to 12 mos; basic skills mostly bedside Associate/Community Nsg Program - 2 yrs; technical nursing Diploma Nsg Program - 3 or more; hospital based

 Baccalaureate Degree Nsg Program - 4 yrs; BSN RN Supplemental Nsg Program - RN MAN; MAN External Nsg Program - no formal classes Graduate Nursing Education - MAN; PhD

PhD

Professional Fields in Nursing

1. Hospital or Institutional
- hospital & related health facilities

2. Public Health/Community Health

- in accordance with the Natl Health Program; focus is on preventive & promotive

3. In-Service Education
- involves in trng & devt of nurses in hospitals & improve quality of service in own institution

4. Private Duty Nursing

- RNs in private practice a. General Private Duty Nurse b. Private Duty Nurse Specialist

5. Occupational Health/Industrial - provides/delivers healthcare to workers 6. Nurse Educator - academes, teaching the nurse education program

7. Military Nursing
- Nurse Corpse; started before the outbreak of WWII

Opportunities Abroad
Immigrant
- US, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Middle East

Short Term Employment CGFNS Examination

III. Ethics and Morals

Ethics from Greek ethos meaning mo-ral duty or character - study of excellence & virtues of character **talks about right & wrong when dealing with moral conflicts **publicly stated

Theories of Ethics
1.

Idealism based on principal doctrine that the truth can be known by reasoning I think, therefore I am!

2.

Realism opposite of idealism; the truth is out there even without reasoning I am, therefore I think!

Health Care Ethics

- deals with conduct & moral issues that arise in the practice of health care professionals

Ethical Principles
Principle of Respect
- recognition for the autonomy of an individual ( pre-requisite to beneficence, nonmaleficence & justice)

 Principle of Autonomy

- personal liberty to determine actions *free action *authenticity *effective deliberation *moral reflection

Limitations:
*harm *offense *paternalism *extreme paternalism *legal moralism *social welfare

Application of Autonomy:
Informed Consent respect for pts autonomy & capacity to act intentionally Paternalism/Parentalism acting in a fatherly manner; decision-maker for the pt

Standard of Best Interest deciding for the best course of action for the pt

 Principle of Non-Maleficence
- do no harm; a persons rigorous obligation to avoid injuring another individual; anticipating mistakes & accidents - extends to protect those who cant protect themselves (children, mentally ill, unconscious pt) - ex. Not assisting in abortion, suicide

 Principle of Beneficence
- do good; primary goal is to remove harm from the pt - problem arises when more than 1 pt appeal for tx at the same time - there is also difficulty in determining what is exactly good for the pt esp. when health team & family disagrees about pts best interest - ex. wound tx, immunization

Beneficence vs Non-Maleficence Whats the difference?

In Non-Maleficence, one must accept a substantial risk to ones safety in order not to cause harm to other; while In Beneficence, it is not generally required to accept even moderate risk to benefit others

 Principle of Justice

- fair to all; nurses commitment to provide services with respect for human dignity & render nursing care to the best of her ability to every pt regardless of religion, sex, age, race, economic status & political belief

Guidelines:
*To each person: 1. an equal share 2. accdg. to need 3. accdg. to contribution 4. accdg. to free market exchanges 5. accdg. to merit 6. accdg. to effort

 Principle of Fidelity

- keeping promises; obligation to be faithful in agreements, responsibilities & commitments - supports accountability

 Principle of Veracity

- truthfulness; never to mislead or deceive a pt as in informed consent, health teachings & answering questions about their health & tx as honestly as possible

 Principle of Confidentiality

- keeping secrets; control of the right to access to information *3 classes of secrets:

i. natural secret remains hidden even if there is no obligation or promise to keep it that way ex. financial condition of a hospital

ii. promised secret made by a person in exchange of a promise not to reveal it; commitment is gained after the secret was known ex. dx of pts iii. confided secret commitment not to reveal the secret was gained even before it is communicated ex. health history interview

Who should observe confidentiality?

Nurses Physicians Pharmacists Med Techs Chaplains Student Nurses All other personnel (janitors,

receptionists, secretaries, accountants, treasurers etc.)

When does confidentiality end?

if the pt gives his/her consent

ex. during insurance claims

if its revelation is for the common good

ex. highly contagious disease gunshot wounds

Morals personal standards of right & wrong **always private & personal **trust your conscience

Moral Maxims
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The Golden Rule The Two-fold Effect The Principle of Totality Epikia One who acts through an agent is himself responsible. No one is obliged to betray himself. The end does not justify the means. Defects of nature may be corrected. If one is willing to cooperate in the act, no injustice is done to him/her.

10. 11. 12.

13.
14. 15. 16. 17.

18.
19. 20.

A little more or less does not change the substance of an act. The greatest good for the greatest number. No one is held to the impossible. The morality of cooperation. Principle relating to the origin and destruction of life. When in doubt, one may do what is generally done. No one can give what he does not have. No one is a judge in his own case. A object cries out for his owner. A doubtful law does not bind. Passion does not usually arise from things to which we are accustomed.

Bioethics
- a specific domain of ethics that focuses on moral issues in the field of health care - evolved into a discipline of its own as a result of life and death dilemmas faced by health care practitioners

Some Bioethical Issues

1. DNR Do Not Resuscitate orders

that no effort be made to revive a pt if he suffered from CP arrest

2. Euthanasia Mercy Killing, act of painlessly putting to death pts suffering from incurable or distressing disease or illness

3. Abortion termination of pregnancy before the age of viability 4. Human Cloning carried out with the intention of creating another human being that is genetically identical to another human being

Nurses encounter bioethical issues on a daily basis. Conflict between preservation of life & pts right to be treated or not to be treated makes decision-making difficult. To be guided, try to ask pts QUALITY OF LIFE.

Code of Ethics teaches & prescribes the right conduct as they apply to the profession

Filipino Nurses Code of Ethics

The new Code of Ethics for Nurses was adopted on October 23, 2003

Elements of the Code:

RNs and People RNs and Practice

RNs and Co-Workers

RNs, Society and Environment RNs and the Profession

IV. Qualifications in the Practice of Nursing

Director or Chief Nurse Administrators

Deans
Faculties Nursing Students

Director or Chief Nurse

1. BSN & RN in Phil 2. 3 yrs in general nsg svc admin 3. at least 9 units of mgt in MA 4. member of PNA 5. 5 yrs experience as administrator 6. MA degree major in nursing

Administrators
- occupying supervisory or managerial

positions that require knowledge of nursing 1. BSN & RN in Phil 2. 2 yrs in general nsg svc admin 3. at least 9 units of mgt in MA 3. member of PNA

Deans
1. BSN & RN in the Phil 2. at least 1 yr clinical practice in field of specialization 3. member of PNA 4. MA degree holder in nursing from college/university recognized by Govt 5. at least 5 yrs experience in nursing

Faculties
1. BSN & RN in the Phil 2. At least 1 yr clinical practice in field of specialization 3. member of PNA 4. MA degree holder in nsg, educ or other allied med & health science from college/university recognized by Govt

Nursing Student
1. graduate of secondary education (high school) from a reputable school duly recognized by the DECS

Qualifications of a Professional Nurse:

Physically & mentally fit
Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing (BSN) License

Personal Qualities & Professional Proficiencies

The personal qualities and professional proficiencies of a nurse include: 1. Interested & willing to work & learn individuals/groups. 2. Warm & concerned for people. with

3. Resourceful, creative well-balanced emotional condition.

4. Capable & able to work cooperate with others.

5. Initiates to improve self and service.

6. Competent in work using the nursing process; research-oriented

7. Skillful in decision-making, communicating & relating.

8. Active participation in issues confronting the profession.

9. Acts to impress self and service-oriented.

V. Legal Aspects of Nursing

What is a Law? - sum total of rules and regulations by which society is governed - man- made and regulates social conduct in a formal and binding way - it reflects societys needs, attitudes and morals.

Characteristics of Law
1. It is a rule of human conduct. 2. It is just and obligatory. 3. It is promulgated by a competent authority. 4. It is of common observance and benefits.

Classifications of Law
Law
Divine Law Human Positive Law

Private Law

Public Law

Civil
Commercial

Criminal

Internat'l

Political

Public Internat'l

Constitutional

Labor Private Internat'l

Remedial Public Admin Ordinary Extraordinary Certiorari Mandamus Public Corp

Administrative

Prohibition

Quo Warranto

Provisional

What is a right?
- it is a moral power of man to do, to possess, or to require something, which power all are bound to respect

Patients Bill of Rights

The Patient has the right to: 1. Medical Care & Humane Treatment 2. Informed Consent 3. Privacy 4. Information 5. Privileged Communication 6. Choose Physician 7. Self-Determination

8. Religious Belief
9. Medical Records

10. Leave
11. Refuse Participation in Medical Research 12. Correspondence & Receive Visitor 13. Express Grievances 14. Be Informed of His Rights & Obligations as a Patient

What are Legal Rights?

- they are those which the State confers upon a person and which he can enforce through legal means against those persons of the community who are bound to respect them.

What is Jurisprudence?
- the study, understanding & interpretation of laws governing the practice of a profession

What is Nursing Jurisprudence?

- department of law that comprises all the legal rules and principles affecting the practice of nursing - it includes not only the study but also the interpretation of all these rules and principles and their application in the regulation of the practice of nursing

Sources of Law & Nursing Jurisprudence:

1. Constitution law of the land

2. Legislation enacted by Congress

3. Administrative/Executive Orders,

Regulations & Rulings 4. Precedents judicial/court rulings 5. Custom habits & practices 6. Supplementary other sources

Criminal Law & the Nurse

Professional Negligence The term negligence refers to the commission or omission of an act, pursuant to a duty, that a reasonably prudent person in the same or similar circumstance would or would not do,

Doctrines affecting Nurses Liability

Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur (common knowledge doctrine) -the thing speaks for itself - nature of wrongful act or injury suggests negligence.

Doctrine of Respondeat Superior - let the master answer for the acts of the subordinate - liability includes the master & employee & not shift of liability from subordinate to master.

Doctrine of Force Majeure - irresistible force; unforeseen or inevitable - no person shall be responsible for unforeseen events - flood, fire, earthquakes & accidents fall under this - nurses who fail to render service are not held negligent

Incompetence
- lack of ability, legal qualifications or fitness to discharge required duty - ground for revocation or suspension of her certificate of registration

Intentional Wrongs
- intentional tortuous acts that arise in the performance of duties

Torts
- a legal wrong, against person or property independent of contract that renders a person committing it liable for damages - person wronged seeks compensation for injury or wrong he suffered from the doer

Assault & Battery

Assault attempt or threat to touch a

person unjustifiably against his will

Battery the willful, intentional &

unconsented touching of a person

False Imprisonment
- unjustifiable detention of a person without legal warrant within boundaries fixed by the defendant by an act or violation of duty intended to result in such confinement

Invasion of Right to Privacy

- right to be left alone - right to be from any unwarranted publicity & exposure to public view - right to live ones life without anyones name, picture or private affairs made public against ones will

Defamation
- character assassination, be it written or spoken Slander oral defamation; speaking unprivileged or false words by w/c a reputation is damaged Libel written words, cartoons such as representations causing a person to be avoided, ridiculed, contempt or tend to injure him in his work

Crimes
- defined as an act committed or omitted in violation of the law - criminal offenses are composed of two elements: 1. criminal act 2. evil/criminal intent - in criminal action, state seeks the punishment of the wrongdoers

Misdemeanor
- general name for criminal offense that doesnt in law, amount to felony - punishment is usually a fine or imprisonment for a term of less than one year

Felony
- a public offense from which a convicted person is liable to be sentenced to death or to be imprisoned in a penitentiary or prison - committed with deceit and fault - deceit exists if performed w/ deliberate intent & there is fault when acts results from imprudence, negligence, lack of skill or foresight

Conspiracy to Commit a Crime

- it happens when two or more persons agree to commit a felony & decides to do it - persons who commit felonies are either: Principals Accomplices Accessories

Principals
- takes direct part in execution of the act - directly force or induce others to commit it - cooperates in the commission of the offense by another act w/o which it wouldnt have been accomplished.

Accomplices
- persons who, not being principals, cooperate execution of offense by previous or simultaneous act - to hold a person liable as an accomplice, it must be shown that he had knowledge of intention of principal - contribute to commission, whether physical or moral

Accessories
-take part subsequent to its commission by profiting themselves or assisting the offender profit from the effects of the crime

Circumstances Affecting Criminal Liability

A. Justifying - circumstances wherein a person may not incur criminal liability under the following circumstances: *defense of self or spouse *fulfillment of duty *refusing orders unlawful orders

B. Exempting - circumstances exempted by law from criminal liability for the crime one may have committed *imbecile/insane persons *under 9 yrs of age *over 9 & under 15 yrs, acted without discernment

*performance of lawful act with due care, causes injury which is merely accident without fault or intention *acting under compulsion of an irresistible force *acting on impulse or uncontrollable

C. Mitigating - do not constitute justification or excuse of the offense, but, in fairness & mercy, may be considered extenuating or reducing the degree of moral culpability

D. Aggravating - increase the criminal liability of the offender or make his guilt more severe

E. Alternative - are those taken into consideration as aggravating or mitigating accdg to the nature & effects of crime & other conditions in its commission - these are: relationship,intoxication & degree of instruction & education of the offender

Criminal Liabilities of Nurses

Murder - is the unlawful killing of a human being with intent to kill - nurses should keep in mind that death resulting from a criminal abortion is murder - euthanasia is also considered murder

Homicide - is the killing of a human by another human being; may be committed without criminal intent - any person who kills another, other than his father, mother, or child or any of his ascendants, or descendants, or his spouse, without any of the circumstances attendant the crime of murder enumerated above being present

Abortion - means the expulsion of the product of conception before the age of viability - in law, any person who, with the intention of prematurely ending a pregnancy, willfully and unlawfully does any act to cause the same is guilty of procuring abortion

Infanticide - killing of a child less than three (3) days of age - the mother of the child who commits this crime shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from two (2) years, four (4) months and (1) day to six (6) years

Parricide - a crime committed by one who kills his/her father, mother or child whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any of his/her ascendants or descendants or his/her spouse - person convicted of this crime shall be imposed a penalty of from life imprisonment (reclusion perpetua) to death.

Robbery - is a crime against a person or property - the taking of personal property of another person from him or in his presence constitutes robbery

Simulation of Birth - substitution of one child from another, or abandonment of a legitimate child, is a crime committed by one who enters in a birth certificate a birth that did not occur - it is a crime against the civil status of a person

Drugs & Medications

- Republic Act 6425 known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 covers the administration and regulation of the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled drugs - prescribe in yellow prescription - administer only if prescribed by a duly licensed Physician - locked in cabinet & counted every endorsement

Medical Records & Charting

- if it was not charted, it was not observed or done - serves as legal protection for Hosp, MDs, RNs - record fully, accurately, legibly - kept confidential - safeguard from loss, destruction or access by other people

Charting by Nursing Students

When a nurse or a clinical instructor countersigns the charting of a nursing student, he/she attests that he/she has personal knowledge of information and that such is accurate and authentic. Anyone who countersigns without verification commits herself to possible legal risks.

Medical Records in legal Proceedings

- usually used to give impt evidence in legal proceedings such as police investigations, extent of injury incurred by the patient, among others - the medical records librarian, by subpoena duces tecum, testifies that pts records are kept & protected from unauthorized handling and change; only complete accurate records are accepted in court.

MDs Orders & Its Legal Implications

Application & execution of written legal

orders is a dependent & coordinated function of RNs. Limit verbal orders. Good judgment & common sense will help avoid legal problems & protect pts from harm.

Supervision of Nursing Students

They dont perform RN duties.

To be supervised by Cis.
To avoid errors:

- always under CI - assignment within level - guidance if performing 1st time - oriented to policies of areas - frequent assessment - frequent conferences

Supervision of Nursing Aides

Performs activities under RNs

supervision. Assigned activities within capacity.

VI.Consent, Contracts & Wills

Contract meeting of minds between 2 persons whereby one binds himself, with respect to the other, to give something or render service 3 elements: a. consent b. object c. obligation

Requisites: a. 2 or more parties b. both must give consent c. subject must be specified d. obligation is established e. legal capacity to enter

Kinds of Contracts 1. Formal required to be in writing by some special law 2. Informal oral or written where the law does not require the same to be in writing 3. Express condition & term are given orally or written

4. Implied one that is concluded as a result of acts of conduct of the parties 5. Void inexistent from the very beginning 6. Illegal one that is expressly prohibited by law

Consent granting permission to perform a procedure 2 types: 1. Informed written, sufficient information has been given to give consent 2. Implied when consent cant be obtained through writing

Who can give consent?

1. 18 yrs old & above, conscious &

coherent, competent 2. Below 18 yrs provided that he/she is an emancipated minor

Who cant give consent?

1. Minors

2. Unconscious
3. Mentally ill persons

Wills testament; legal declaration of a persons intention upon death Decedent a person whose property is transmitted through succession whether or not he left a will - also called Testator/Testatrix if he left a will

Heir person called to sucession either by provision of a will or by operation of the law Testate a person who died leaving a will Intestate a person who died without leaving a will

Probate validation of a will in court Holographic Will a will that is written, dated & signed by the testator Noncupative Will a will that is made orally

V. The Phil Nsg Act of 2002 (R.A. 9173)

Name of Law Promulgation Entry to College BON Composition Salary Grade Condition when Failed R.A. 7164 1991 Upper 40% of HS class 1 chair, 4 members Grade 10 Refresher if failed 3x R.A. 9173 2002 HS grad 1 chair, 6 members Grade 15 Removal/rene wal if <60%

Board of Nursing
Section 3, Composition - a chairperson & 6 members Section 4, Qualification - natural born citizen - resident of the Phil - member of PNA - BSN, RN, MA Degree holder - 10 yrs practice, last 5 of in Phil - not convicted of moral turpitude

Allegiance the duty of loyalty and obedience with a subject or citizen owes to his government Citizen a member or state who owes allegiance Doctrine of Jus Sanguines the principle that the nationality of a person is determined by the law of his descendant parentage Doctrine of Jus Soli the principle that the nationality of a person is determined by the law of the place of his birth

Stages in Appointment (Sec 3)

- a. nomination ( PNA & PRC) b. recommendation (PRC to the President of the Phil) c. appointment (1 of 2 shortlisted nominee) Section 6, Term of Office - fixed and definite period or time (3 yrs) - tenure: actual period one holds

- hold-over: continue to hold office until a new successor comes (present term has expired & no successor is appointed Section 9, Primary Function, Duty & Power - supervise & regulate nursing - conduct nurse licensure exam - issue, suspend & revoke certificate of registration - monitor & enforce quality standards

- to ensure quality nsg educ - conduct hearing & investigation - promulgate a code of ethics - recognize nsg specialty org - prescribe, adopt, issue & promulgate guidelines, regulations, measures & decisions for improvement of nsg practice

Examination & Registration

Section 12, Licensure Exam - written exam given by BON in such place & dates designated by PRC - general rule, must pass to be issued COR & Prof License - exemptions ( RN pre-9173, reciprocity, special/temporary permit - must pay prescribed fee

Section 13, Qualification for Admission to Licensure - Fil citizen or citizen of other country permitting Fil RN to practice - good moral character - BSN holder

Section 14, Scope of Exam

- determined by the BON (objective of curriculum, broad area of nsg, other related disciplines)

Section 15, Ratings - general ave of 75% - none below 60% in any subject = PASSED - if FAILED, take removal/renewal exam on subject below 60% - score must be 75% & above - should be taken w/in 2 yrs of the failed exam

Section 16, Oath

- successful candidates are required to take the oath a. before the BON b. govt official authorized to administer oaths - may be in English or Tagalog

Section 17, issuance of Certificate of Registration/Professional License & Professional Identification Card - COR: name, serial #, signature of the Chairperson of PRC & BON, official seal of PRC - PIC: signature of PRC Chairman, date of registration, license #, date of issuance, date of expiry

SEC. 20. Registration by Reciprocity.

- registration/license may be issued w/o exam to nurses under the laws of a foreign state or country: when requirements in said country grant same privileges to Fil RNs on the same basis:

Section 21, Practice through Special or Temporary Permit - foreign RNs whose service are either for a fee or free if internatly well-known specialists or outstanding experts - foreign RNs on medical mission for free in a hospital, center or clinic - foreign RNs employed by schools/colleges as exchange profs in a branch or specialty of nursing

Section 22, Non-Registration & NonIssuance of COR, License or Special/Temporary Permit

- convicted by final judgement - guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct - declared by court to be of unsound mind

Section 23, Revocation & Suspension - conviction - immoral/dishonorable conduct - unsound mind - unprofessional/unethical conduct - gross incompetence/ignorance - malpractice/negligence - use of fraud, deceit or false statement - violation of R.A. 9173

Section 24, Re-Issuance or Revoked Certificates & Replacement of Lost Certificates

- after a maximum of 4 years - when cause for revocation has disappeared - new certificates will be issued for lost, destroyed or mutilated

Laws Affecting the Practice of Nursing

E.O. 209 - The Family Code of the Philippines H.B. 4955 An act punishing the malpractice of any practitioner in the Philippines

R.A. 9173 The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

R.A. 7164 The Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 R.A. 1054 Required the owner, leaser or operator of any commercial, industrial or agricultural establishment to furnish free emergency medical and dental attendance to his employee.

R.A. 1080 Exempts nurses and lawyers from taking the Civil Service Examination. R.A. 1082 Approved on June 1954 and amended by R.A. 1891 on June 1957; that provided for the creation of Rural Health Resource Units.

R.A. 1612 Stated that a privilege tax shall be paid before any business or profession can lawfully begin or pursue. R.A. 2382 The Philippine Medical Act

R.A. 4073 Liberalized the treatment of Leprosy

R.A. 4226 Known as the Hospital Licensure Act that required all hospitals in the Philippines to be licensed before it can offer to serve the community.

R.A. 5181 This act prescribed permanent residence and reciprocity as qualification for any examination or registration for the practice of any profession in the Philippines.
R.A. 6365 Established a national policy on population and created the Population Commission (POPCOM)

R.A. 6425 Known as the Dangerous Drug Act

R.A. 6511 Standardized the examination and registration fee changes by the various Board of Examiners R.A. 6675 Generics Act of 1988; is an act to promote, require and ensure the production of an adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic name.

R.A. 6713 Known as the Code of Conduct & Ethical Standards for public officials & employees.

R.A. 6758 Standardized the salaries of government employees that include nursing personnel. R.A. 7160 The Local Government Code
R.A. 7170 An act authorizing the legacy or donation of all r other part of the human body after for specified purposes. R.A. 7392 The Midwifery Law; nurses may obtain the title RM provided that he/she passes the Board Exams for Midwives

R.A. 7432 Seniors Citizen Act; entitles the elderly to a 20% discount in all public establishments. R.A. 7600 The Rooming-In & Breastfeeding Act of 1992.
R.A. 7610 Special protection of children against child abuse and discrimination act. R.A. 7719 Blood Bank Act (July 2003); an act promoting voluntary blood donation and providing an adequate safe blood regulating banks and providing penalties for violation thereof.

R.A. 7875 The establishment of Quality Assurance Program in any health care facilities.
R.A. 7877 An act declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education and training environment and other purposes. R.A. 8344 An act prohibiting the demand of deposits in advance payment for the confinement in tax patients in hospital and medical clinics in certain cases.

R.A. 8423 An act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines.

P.D. 48 Limits paid maternity leave privileges to four children.

P.D. 69 Limits the number of children to four (4) for tax exemption purposes. P.D. 148 - Amended R.A. 679 (Women and Child Labor Law). Stating that the employable age shall be 16 years. P.D. 166 Amending P.D. 791 that declared strengthened family programs through participation of private organizations and individuals in the formulation and implementation of the program planning policies.

P.D. 223 Issued on June 23, 1973 that created the Professional Regulation Commission and prescribed its powers and functions. P.D. 442 Known as the Labor Code of the Philippines that provides workers the rights and welfare of children and the youth. P.D. 541 Allows former Filipino professionals to practice their respective profession in the Philippines. P.D. 603 Child and Youth Welfare Code; Protects and promotes the rights and welfare of the children and the youth.

P.D. 626 Employees Compensation and State Insurance Fund that provides benefit to workers covered by the SSS or GSIS for immediate injury, illness or disabilities.
P.D. 651 Decrees the registration of a child within thirty (30) days with the Civil Registrar.

P.D. 791 The revised Population Act.

P.D. 825 Provides penalty for improper disposal of garbage and offer focus on uncleanliness.

P.D. 965 Requires that couples intending to get married must undergo Family Planning and Responsible Parenthood instruction prior to the issuance of marriage license.
P.D. 996 Requires compulsory immunization for all children below eight (8) years old against communicable diseases. P.D. 1519 Gives Medicare benefits to all government employees regardless of status of appointment. P.D. 1636 Requires compulsory membership in the GSIS or SSS Retirement Fund.

Thank You!

Topics for review:

A. Ethico-moral responsibility

1. Bioethical Principles a. Beneficence b. Non-Maleficence c. Justice d. Autonomy e. Stewardship f. Truth Telling g. Confidentiality h. Privacy i. Informed Consent

2. Patients Bill of Rights 3. Code of Ethics in Nursing B. Legal Responsibility 1. Legal Aspects in the Practice of Nursing 2. The Phil Nursing Law of 2002 3. Related Laws Affecting the Practice of Nursing C. Ethico-Moral Legal Responsibility 1. Confidentiality

2. Clients Rights a. Informed Consent b. Refusal to take medications, treatment & admission procedures 3. Nursing Accountability/ Liability 4. Documentation/Charting 5. Culture Sensitivity