Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Current format:
True color 24 bit
Tritton DJ (1988) Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York
x /(d Re) is dimensionless distance down the pipe. When this distance is infinite, Poiseuille flow is fully developed. If Re = 1, Poiseuille flow is well-developed in a short distance down the pipe: x/d = 1 x = d = 2a (just 2 half-widths down the pipe). As the Reynolds number increases, this distance can become quite large. If x = 1 m with Re = 103 in a 10 cm pipe, x/(d Re) = 1 m /(10-1 m 103) = 10-2 and Poiseuille flow will not be fully developed even 1 m from the inlet.
Tritton DJ (1988) Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York
Velocity BCs
Simple compressible fluid model Identical constant velocities at each end of the domain:
mass of fluid will change with time
Flow must be accompanied by a pressure gradient and hence the pressure must be lower at the outlet The pressure and density are related through an ideal gas law of the form P = r/3 in this model Densities at the input and output must be different If the velocity boundaries on each end of the domain are equal, mass will accumulate in the system because the mass flux of fluid in (vin rin) will exceed the out flux (vout rout) Problem increases in severity as the pressure difference increases Incompressible model of Zou and He (1997), pressure boundaries, or gravity-driven flow can be used to avoid this complication
FD rr u CD
2 0
Gravitational Force
F rg LW r
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/CylinderDrag.html Tritton DJ (1988) Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York
Re = 0.16
Re = 41
Taneda S (1956)
h l
Photo by S. Taneda. S. Taneda and the Society for Science on Form, Japan