Do you still remember me???

Main Gist
Operant Conditioning

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

occasional or intermittent reinforcement

Strenghten a
desired behaviour

removing of something undesirable to strengthen the desired outcome

Presentation of an unfavourable event or outcome in order to weaken the response it follows

removal of something desirable to weaken the behaviour

Azimah wins the first prize in the Interschool Singing Competition and her teacher shouts out, Great Job! Miss Thiru tells her students that they will have a test end of every week. However, she tells them that if all of them turn in their homework on time, there will be no test.

Iskandar is supposed to clean his room every Saturday morning. Last weekend, he went out to play with his friend without cleaning his room. As a result, his father made him spend the rest of the weekend doing other chores like cleaning out the garage, mowing the lawn and weeding the garden, in addition to cleaning his room.

Finaz and Wida yell at another during class, so their teacher takes away "good behavior" tokens that can be redeemed for prizes.

Application in the classroom

Give them each a token

Students complete tasks on time

A set number of tokens can be redeemed for a desired item such as a no homework tonight pass

Students behave properly Students behave improperly

Praise students who are behaving properly: Students who are misbehaving will desire the positive reinforcement and will begin to behave in an appropriate manner

Suggestions for rewards that have proven effective in classroom

Pre- Kindergarten
-respond with smiles, nods and verbal praises -avoid reprimanding the kids
Jill, I like the way you holding your book is better than Jill, hold the book correctly or I will take it.

-provide a Star Chart as a visual reminder for students

Elementary

Secondary
Friday Sofa Award enables students to sit and work comfortably on a sofa or couch in the classroom. The students also receive an award certificate. Rolls of paper tickets and reward students with positive behaviour. Students can redeem their tickets daily or weekly -use for shopping in the school

All Levels

Why Operant Conditioning???

Other methods???

-Did not address the instructional implications of his theory

-Did not show the relationship between management and instruction. -Rewards are counterproductive because they are extrinsic rather than internal motivation. -The intrinsic motivation begins to disappear and the individual learns to perform the behaviour solely to get the rewards. -Different groups can have certain characteristics that teachers need to consider in the classroom.

A N I S T A O T

A
A

O
D

I
E

V
C

O
S U I

T I

S
I

T T B

C S

S T

Giving the child a cue to behave correctly in advance thus avoiding a chance to behave poorly Eg: Non-verbal gestures

CUING PRINCIPLE

Allows and encourages the child to continue an undesirable behaviour until he becomes bored with it.

SATIATION

New reward is used to replace the old one.

To teach a child to avoid certain situations, present him with a representation of the undesirable situation along with its adverse outcomes.

Removes a pleasant stimulus immediately after the undesirable act. This can result in aggression, therefore, should be used sparingly and only in conjunction with reinforcement.

Thiru, Azimah, Finaz, Wahida, Amir