IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES

WATER

Essential for the survival of all organisms. Excluding fat, water composes approximately 70% of the human body by mass.

Distribution of water on earth

Rivers, Lakes, Ground water -

1%

Snow and Ice caps

2%

Ocean and Sea

- 97%

Seas are found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land. Seas are smaller than oceans and are Here, you can see that the Bering Sea is usually located where the land and ocean part of the Pacific Ocean, while the meet. Typically, seas are partially enclosed Chuckchi and Beaufort seas form part of the Arctic Ocean. by land.

WATER IS SUPPOSED TO BE CALLED AS DRINKING WATER IF IT HAS CERTAIN PROPERTIES, SATISFYING THE NORMS AND REGULATIONS OF WHO, BIS etc,,

1945 - Global health organization.

WHOs Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day.

WHO is the directing authority for health within the United Nations system.

It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends

INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), erstwhile ISI, works under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India.

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

It is governed by Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and Rules and Regulations framed there under.
BIS has been entrusted the job of formulation of National Standards under an Act of Parliament.

Standards are formulated through Technical Committees / Division councils Manufacturers Consumers Technologists R & D Institutions
.

INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY

IS 10500:1991-Indian Standard -Drinking water Specification IS 13428:2005 - Indian Standard -Packaged mineral water Specification

Bitter fact is that only 54% of Indian population are gifted with pure drinking water,, which is believed to declining in the recent years.

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

Physical parameters Chemical parameters Bacteriological parameters

Physical parameters Colour

May be due to the Presence of organic matter,metals(iron, manganese) or highly coloured industrial waste Aesthetically displeasing Disirable that drinking water be colourless Disirable limit, 5 Hazen unit Permissible limit 25 Hazen Unit

Taste and Odour

Mainly due to organic substances & industrial pollution Water should be free objectionable taste and odour. from

Turbidity
Caused by suspended matter High level turbidity shield and protect bacteria from the action of disinfecting agents Disirable limit-5NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) - Should be below 1 NTU - Permissible limit-10NTU

pH
It is the measure of hydrogen concentration Neutral water pH-7 Acidic water has pH below 7 Basic water has pH above 7 Disirable limit 6.5-8.5 ion

Substances that change pH of water

Acidic Industries Sugar 56 Distillery 3- 4 ElectroPlating unit 2.5-4 Basic Paper 8 10 Textile 8.5-11 Fertiliser 6.5- 9 Oil Refineries 6.5-9.5

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Parameter BIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

pH

6.5-8.5

Affects mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion; affects aquatic life

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Parameter BIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Total dissolved solids

2000 mg/L

Undesirable taste; gastro intestinal irritations; corrosion

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Parameter BIS Guideline General & Health effect value (maximum allowable) 600 mg/L Boiled rice turns yellowish

Alkalinity

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Parameter BIS Guideline value (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Hardness

600 mg/L

Poor lathering with soap; deterioration of the quality of clothes; skin irritation;

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) Aluminium 0.2 mg/l General & Health effect Neurological disorders; Alzheimer's disease

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline Paramet value (maximum erz allowable) General & Health effect

Zinc

15 mg/l

Gastro intestinal irritation; vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain, dizziness

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Cadmium

0.01 mg/l

Highly toxic; causes 'itai-itai' diseasepainful condition; cardio vascular system affected; gastro intestinal upsets

Itai-itai translated from Japanese is literally "ouch-ouch." It refers to a syndrome that principally consists of a painful skeletal condition resulting from weak and weak and deformed bones

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) Arsenic 0.05 mg/l General & Health effect Toxic; bio-accumulation; central nervous system affected; carcinogenic

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Mercury

0.001 mg/l

Highly toxic; causes 'minamata disease-neurological impairment

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Lead

0.05 mg/l

Causes tiredness, abdominal discomfort, irritability, anaemia; bio-accumulation; damage to kidneys

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Nitrate

100

Blue baby disease (methemoglobineamia); algal growth

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable)
Fluoride 1.5 General & Health effect Dental and skeletal fluorosis

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

BIS Guideline value Parameter (maximum allowable) General & Health effect

Chloride

1000 mg/l

Taste affected; corrosive