Blood

Fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; chief means of transport within the body

Blood
the average human has 5 litres of blood

it is a transporting fluid
it carries vital substances to all parts of the body

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Blood Is Composed Of Two Parts 1.Plasma 2.Cellular Components -RBC -WBC -Platelets

plasma
The blood consists of a suspension of special cells in a liquid called plasma. In an adult man, the blood is about 1/12th of the body weight and this corresponds to 5-6 litres. Blood consists of 55 % plasma, and 45 % by cells called formed elements.

Cells in Blood

Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) Leukocytes (White blood cells) Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Erythrocytes
7.5 micron diameter

No nucleus or organelles; lots of hemoglobin Biconcave disc

large surface to volume

ratio: efficient gas exchange

The erythrocytes are the most numerous blood cells i.e. about 4-6 millions/mm3. They are also called red cells. In man and in all mammals, erythrocytes are devoid of a nucleus and have the shape of a biconcave lens. In the other vertebrates (e.g. fishes, amphibians, reptilians and birds), they have a nucleus. The red cells are rich in hemoglobin, a protein able to bind in a faint manner to oxygen. Hence, these cells are responsible for providing oxygen to tissues.

White blood cellsLeukocytes

the bodies defence part of the immune system much larger than RBCs have a nucleus 4000-13000 per mm3

 Granulocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils

Basophils
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes

Granulocytes neutrophils
60 - 70% of circulating leukocytes Nucleus: 2-5 lobes ,dia 1215 micro meter

Have horshoe shoe shaped or band shaped nucleus called as band cells
cytoplasm is transparent and its granules are pink coloured

Eosinophills
2-4% of circulating leukocytes Bilobed nucleus defense against parasites; modulation of inflammatory processes eosinophilic specific granules containing: major basic protein (toxic to parasitic larvae), lysosomal enzymes, peroxidase, histaminase

Basophills
< 1 % of circulating leukocytes

Nucleus irregular lobes Dia-9-10 micro meter

Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes

~30 % of circulating leukocytes

Round, densely stained nucleus; little cytoplasm Dia-8-10 micro

monocytes
5

% of circulating leukocytes

indented folded nucleus Fig. 12-18 Opaque, slightly basophilic cytoplasm; fine azurophilic granules Dia-8-10 micro meter

Thrombocytes(platelets)

They are small sized diskettes about 3 micro meter in diameter Cell Fragments produced of megakaryocytes no nucleus Numerous cytoplasmic organelles promote blood clotting, help repair gaps in blood vessel walls