BASICS OF Accident

Lecture Objectives
to

understand:

accident

definition accident causation accident costs accident prevention accident reporting/notification accident investigation

BASICS OF Accident

Common Uninformed Comments

accidents

just happen we dont have many accidents safety is expensive the insurance will pay safety is just common sense

BASICS OF Accident

Accident Definition
what

is an accident?

unplanned

& uncontrolled event that led to, or could have led to:
injury to persons, damage to property/plant/equipment, impairment to the environment or some other loss to the company

BASICS OF Accident

Accident Definition
accident

types

minor dangerous occurrence near miss plant/equipment damage minor injury lost time injury disablement/fatality

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Definition

Frank

Bird (Accident Triangle)

600 near misses 30 property damage 10 minor injuries 1 serious injury (lost time or fatal)

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

environment personal

fault unsafe act unsafe condition accident injury/damage

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

causal

factors

individual job organisation

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

causal

factors

individual knowledge skills training experience personality attitude risk perception

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

causal

factors
task workload equipment controls procedures environment

job

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

causal

factors

organization culture leadership resources work patterns communications

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

Kings

Cross Fire (1987) - 31died

discarded cigarette accumulation of rubbish poor cleaning regime wooden escalator failure of fire fighting equipment lack of emergency training poor safety culture

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

Herald

of Free Enterprise (1987) 189 died

failure to close bow doors no checking/reporting system commercial pressures internal friction disease of sloppiness

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

Clapham

Junction (1988) - 35 died & 500 injured

signal failure incorrect maintenance degradation of working practices training problems communication problems poor supervision excessive working hours failure to learn lessons

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation

Piper

Alpha (1988) - 167 died

maintenance error inexperience poor maintenance procedures communications breakdown permit to work system fault safety procedures not practiced

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Causation
Supplier (1999) - 1

Automotive

died
poor safety culture lack of guarding lack of training poor perception of risk no safe systems of work no risk assessment programs no effective accident system no communication

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Costs

insured

costs uninsured costs

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Prevention

reasons

humane economic legal

BASICS OF Accident
Accident
control

Prevention
measures

safety procedures/work instructions adequate training effective communications good housekeeping guards/safety devices/warning signs adequate working environment regular safety inspections risk assessment

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Reporting/Notification

internal report form Government form injury claim requirement

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation

reasons

identify root causes identify faults identify corrective/preventative action prevent recurrence

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation
team

investigation

supervisor safety rep engineer manager safety officer

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation
objectives

investigation

establish chain of events identify root causes identify faults identify corrective/preventative action

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation
techniques

investigation

attend promptly ensure medical attention leave scene undisturbed take photographs/sketches take measurements take samples gather documentation interview witnesses

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation
techniques

investigation

interviewing witnesses explain purpose their version of events do not listen to hear say ask open questions avoiding leading or implying do not apportion blame express appreciation

BASICS OF Accident
Accident

Investigation
report

investigation

identify team summarize consequential events identify root causes describe other weaknesses identify corrective/preventative action allocate responsibility & timescale