ENGLISH PRESENTATION

ADMIXTURE AND ADDITIVE

Group 3 :
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) AHMAD DWI SANTOSA/3112110050 APRIANI HOTMAIDA/3112110001 DANIEK LISTIYA CANDRA/3112110014 FRANS DANIEL HUTABARAT/3112110023 ULFI MULYANINGRUM/3112110043

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION CIVIL ENGINEERING STATE POLYTECNIC OF JAKARTA 2013

Admixtures are those ingredients in concrete other than Portland cement, water, and aggregates that are added to the mixture before or during mixing.

1. To reduce the cost of concrete construction. 2. To maintain the quality of concrete 3. To reduce water content without changing workability.

4. To adjust setting time.

5. To increase strength. 6. To reduce segregation and/or bleeding. 7. To improve pumpability. 8. To improve potential durability and reduce permeability.

The type of admixture that used to reduce the quantity of mixing water required in the fresh concrete but concrete has a good workability Materials : > Lignosulfonates. > Carbohydrates.

> Hydroxylated carboxylic acids

By Using Water Reducing Admixture will be achieved three things, there are : 1. Just increase workability 2. Increase the compressive strength of concrete

3. Reduce the cost

Dosage

The typical dosage of a WRA varies from 200 ml to 450 ml per 100 kg of cementitious material.

+ WRA - Water

Compressive strenght >A Workability = B

+WRA -Water -Cement

Compressive strength = A Workability= B +WRA

Compressive strenght =A Workability = B

Compressive strength > A Workability = B

These admixtures slow the chemical reaction of the cement and water leading to longer setting times and slower initial strength gain. Materials used as retarders are:

- Lignin,
- Sugars,

- Borax,
- Tartaric acid and salts.

Dosage
Dosages for retarders are between 150 ml and 500 ml /100 kg cementitious material.

It used to accelerate the process of binding and strength development of concrete at an early age. It is used to shorten the time of the binding cement to accelerate the achievement of concrete strength. Typical Materials are: - Calcium chloride: most commonly used for plain concrete. - Triethanolamine. - Calcium nitrate. - Calcium formate. - Calcium nitrite. Dosage The maximum dosage that can be added to concrete is 2% of cement weight.

This type have dual function. There are to reduce the quantity of mixing water required and to retard the process of binding.
With adding this admixture to concrete, It can reduce the quantity of cement that comparable with the quantity of water that reduced The shape of this admixture is liquid. So in mix design concrete planning, the weight of admixture should be added as the total weight of water in concrete

This type have dual function. There are to reduce the quantity of mixing water required and accelerate the process of binding and hardening concrete. By adding this admixture, it will get the concrete with quick binding time and low water levels but it still workable.

This type have function to reduce the quantity of mixing water that required to produce concrete with consistency as much as 12% or more than 12%. By adding this admixture, it will get high-strength concrete with a little quantity of mixing water but the rate of workability is higher. The effectiveness of the plasticizer is increased with an increasing amount of cement and fines in the concrete.

Superplasticizer uses to get addition of 50% strength at the age of 1 day Superplasticizers material : -chemical compounds such as sulphonated melamine formaldehyde, -Sulphonatednaphthalene, -formaldehyde, -modified lignosulphonates and -Polycarboxylate based materials. Dosage Recommended dosage 1%-2% of cementitious material.

This admixture have function to reduce the quantity of mixing water that required to produce concrete with consistency as much as 12% or more than 12% and to retard binding and hardening concrete. This material is combined by superplasticizer with retard the setting time of concrete.

It used to stabilize or forming microscopic air bubbles in concrete. Air entraining agent will dramatically improve the durability of concrete exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing.
Dosage

Typical dosage for air-entraining agents is between 50 ml and 150 ml per 100 kg of cementitious material.

There are two types of AEA :

1. Type detergent In general AEA represent detergent type, the active agent to the surface. This substance is usually in the form of organic matter as the raw material of soap, so that when mixed with water will be foam and the foam will be scattered in the concrete mix.

The addition of AEA in concrete has little shrinkage properties and makes concrete more watertight.
The primary ingredients used in air-entraining admixtures are salts of wood resin (Vinsol resin), synthetic detergents, salts of petroleum acids, etc.

2. Type of non detergent This type usually a fine aluminum powder. When this powder mixed with water in the concrete will react to form hydrogen air bubbles. Usually the material used also stabilizers (sodium stearate) so the bubble can be spread evenly and stable.

1. Pigments can be used to change the color of concrete, for

aesthetics.
2. Corrosion Inhibitors. These admixture are used to minimize the corrosion of steel and steel bars in concrete. 3. Bonding agents are used to create a bond between old and new concrete (typically a type of polymer).

A substance added to a material in concrete mix to improve the properties of concrete (mineral admixtures), or as a replacement for Portland cement (blended cements). Additive is a solid material which is refined

Addition of additive usually added at thin concrete, where its concrete lacking of smooth aggregate and concrete with ordinary cement rate but require to be pumped at distance which far.

1. Repairing Concrete Workability

2. Reduce heat of hydration

3. Improve the durability of concrete 4. Increase the compressive strength 5. Enhance resistance against alkali-silica reaction 6. To adjust setting time. 7. To make concrete more watertight

Type of Additive are: Fly ash Fly ash is the result of a subtle separation of combustion from the combustion of coal supplied from coal combustion chamber. The low calcium fly

ashes retard the setting of cement

In practice, fly ash can be introduced into concrete in one of two ways : 1. Fly ash may be used in place of portland cement 2. Fly ash may be introduced at the concrete mixing stage.

 Ground granulated blast furnace slag

Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a product of steel production is used to partially replace Portland cement (by up to 80% by mass). It has latent hydraulic properties.

 Silica Fume

Silica Fume is a product of the production of silicon. Silica fume is similar to fly ash, but has a particle size 100 times smaller. Silica fume is used to increase strength and durability of concrete, but generally requires the use of superplasticizers for workability

 High Reactivity Metakaolin

Metakaolin produces concrete with strength and durability similar to concrete made with silica fume. metakaolin is usually bright white in color, making it the preferred choice for architectural concrete where appearance is important.

1. Don't use admixture if not know the target.

2. Admixture will not make poor concrete become good concrete

3. An admixture can change more than one characteristic of informing against concrete

4. Observation to this materials very important, including observation of its influence to concrete.

These two factors define the general rules for storage. Admixtures should be protected from frost, as most have freezing points at or below 0C. and Admixtures generally contain preservatives to reduce biodegradation and extend shelf life.

Admixtures are normally stored on site in 200 drums or in bulk storage tanks. Bulk liquid storage tanks are often supplied, serviced and maintained by the admixture supplier. Drums should be handled with care.

The correct dosage of admixture is crucial for satisfactory mix performance and the proper use of well maintained and calibrated dispensing equipment is essential. For the majority of admixtures it is not necessary to change the concrete mixing procedure. Any special requirements will be given in the admixture manufacturers product literature.