Transparent Middleware

Transparent Middleware, AO and EJB3.0

Marc Fleury, PhD. Founder and CEO JBoss, inc.

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Agenda
Middleware as a collection of aspects, custom middleware New Aspects EJB 3.0 JBoss: professional open source

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Tangled code vs Untangled code

AO identifies aspects and gives programmers weaving semantics Example of untangling:

A GUI with color syntax highlighting aspects in source is AO It untangles code IN YOUR HEAD EJB 2.0: programmers use interfaces and code abstract getters and setters. Intrusive programming model EJB 3.0: programmers use POJOS and annotations. Persistence by annotations, remoteness by annotations etc AS TRANSPARENT AS IT CAN BE (POJO BASED)
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Example tangled code:

Example untangled code:

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Transparent middleware
Impact of AO on middleware

Middleware offers services and aspects to programmers How complex is it to apply an aspect to an objects

SIMPLIFICATION of programming models

Today middleware is mostly tangled specs A component writer in EJB KNOWS about way to much system level issues POJO based is the best we can do

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Clustered Remote webservice Secure access

Cached model configuration

Cache Persistent data

Transacted Acid sessions

Monitor Model time

Monitor data time (dynamic insertion)

Application layer Aspect layer

Service layer
Remote Invokers Clustering Security Transaction ACID Cache Monitoring Persistence

Microkernel layer

JBoss Microkernel (JMX)

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Metadata and Metatags

Aspect Configuration Explicit through Xdoclet tags (later JSR-175) Implicit through XML (deployable at runtime)
/** * * @@transaction(RequiresNew) */ public void somePOJOmethod() { } <class-metadata group=transaction class=com.acme.POJO> <method name=get.*> <trans-attribute>RequiresNew</transattribute> </method> </class-metadata>

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JBoss 4: Aspects a la carte

Middleware, by nature, is cross-cutting Middleware implemented as Aspects allow for:
Smooth, fluid, iterative development Clean separation between System Architect and Application

Developer Less upfront design decisions

JBoss 4 is Aspect-Oriented Middleware Architectural decisions can be made later on in the development process AOP makes iterative development more fluid

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JBoss 4:Dynamic AO
Dynamic AOP

Transactional, ACID, Objects. Our Transactional Cache Replicated Objects. Our Distributed Cache Optimized HTTP Session Replication Remoting choose at runtime, SOAP, RMI, Sockets, IIOP Clustered Remoting invocation failover

Use of Dynamic AO in JBossCache

POJO inserted into cache

Can become Transactional Can become Replicated Depends on Cache Configuration Goal to have transparent ACID properties Transparent Replication No application coding for inserted Objects Uses AOP Dynamic API Requires prepare step via <advisable> ALMOST COMPLETE TRANSPARENCY

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Interaction With Cache

tree = new TreeCacheAop(); config = new PropertyConfigurator(); // configure tree cache. config.configure(tree, "META-INF/replSync-service.xml"); joe = new Person(); joe.setName("Joe Black"); joe.setAge(31);
Use Pojos as Pojos

addr = new Address(); addr.setCity("Sunnyvale"); addr.setStreet("123 Albert Ave"); addr.setZip(94086);

joe.setAddress(addr);

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Interaction With Cache

Joes state is automatically transactional and replicated State replicated, synchronized at transaction commit/rollback
tree.start(); // kick start tree cache tree.putObject("/aop/joe", joe); // add aop sanctioned object

tx.begin(); joe.setAge(41); joe.getAddress().setZip(95124); tx.commit();

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JBossRemoting
Goals

Use POJOs not APIs No extending of UnicastRemote No precompilation (rmic) Protocol independent Protocol isolation Designed after dotNetRemoting

Features
SOAP, Fact Socket, or RMI protocols available Clustering: failover, loadbalancing

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Remoting/Clustered Remoting
Declare POJO remoted at runtime Hooks into JBoss Remoting project (Jeff Haynie, Tom Elrod) URI based protocols (soap, socket, rmi)
// Server POJO remote = new POJO("hello"); Dispatcher.singleton.registerTarget(objName", remote); // Client POJO proxy = (POJO)Remoting.createRemoteProxy(objName", POJO.class, soap://localhost:8080");

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Clustered Remoting
Invocation failover with any protocol Invocation loadbalancing with any protocol Leverages existing JBoss Clustering
POJO pojo = new POJO("hello"); POJO proxy = (POJO)ClusteredRemoting.registerClusteredObject( objName", pojo, "DefaultPartition", new RoundRobin(), socket://localhost:5150");

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New Aspects: IoC, Observer

IoC is an aspect

Setting of references can be intercepted Hook up of singleton, per VM Per call, per lifecycle Work done by Bill Burke in CVS

Observer/Observable is an aspect

Strong limitation of current J2EE. No observable pattern Message or pooling based designs. Need for JavaBeans fireChange Template code was aspectized by Adrian Brock in CVS Tight collaboration with academia on identification of new aspects for middleware. Fast time to market in JBoss

Etc etc

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EJB 3.0: SIMPLIFICATION SIMPLIFICATION SIMPLIFICATION

Simple annotations

Systematic use of annotations to simplify programming Eliminate need for XML deployment descriptors Generation of interfaces if needed Systematic use of defaults Configuration on exception only Annotations IoC, utility classes No more homes, factory pattern No more abstract getter/setter

Simple defaults
Simple dependencies Simple POJO programming model

Sessions can be remote, Entities are always local

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EJB3.0: TRANSPARENT PROGRAMMING

Simple CMP

Simple and Powerful QL:

POJO persistence Entities are always local, use of new() POJO Model Inheritance and polymorphism No CMR from EJBQL to HQL back to EJBQL again Support for group-by, explicit inner and outer join, projections, bulk update and delete, dynamic queries, SQL queries Close to HQL, SQL focus, ORDBMS focus unlike JDO

Simple callbacks

Simple testing

Implement only the callbacks you want

Testing behavior outside of a container Sessions as application transaction, revolution for MVC designs Detach-reattach? We recommend local and collocated designs

Work in progress

YOU ASKED FOR IT, YOU GOT IT

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EJB3 (simplified EJB)

@Entity(table=AUCTION) public class Auction { @PK(column=AUCTION_ID, generator=sequence) private Long id; @Attribute private String description; @OneToMany(inverse=auction order-by=DATETIME cascade=ALL) private List<Bid> bids = new ArrayList(); @ManyToOne(fk=SELLER_ID) private User seller; //Getters and setters
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EJB3 (simplified EJB)

@Attribute(formula=SELECT MAX(B.AMOUNT) FROM BID B + WHERE B.AUCTION_ID = AUCTION_ID) private BigDecimal maxBidAmount; public BigDecimal getMaxBidAmount() { return maxBidAmount;

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EJB3 (simplified EJB)

public Bid bid(BidDecimal amount) { if ( !amount.greaterThan(maxBidAmount) ) return null; Bid bid = new Bid(amount, new Date(), this); bids.add(bid); return bid; }

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EJB3 (simplified EJB)

@Stateful(entityContext=INSTANCE, transaction=REQUIRES_NEW) public class BidForAuctionBean implements BidForAuction { @Inject EntityManager entityManager; private Auction auction; public Auction getAuction(Long id) {

auction = (Auction) entityManager.get(Auction, id);

return auction; } @Remove public void bidForAuction(BigDecimal amount) { return auction.bid(amount); } }
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Deployment descriptors
No xml in 3.0

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EJB3.0: new architectures Peer to peer grids

WEB EJB CACHE

WEB EJB CACHE

WEB EJB CACHE

WEB EJB CACHE ORM DB

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JBoss inc evolution

Enterprise

New Projects Production Support

Tactical

Developer Support
Consulting Documentation Training
Small Consultancy JBoss Group JBoss inc Professional Open Source

Developer

10/00

6/01

1/02

9/02

9/03

1/04

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What is JBoss?
JBoss federates open source projects under the JBoss Professional Open Source model JBoss Inc. employs the lead developers of
JBoss Application Server: J2EE based Tomcat Hibernate JBossCache/JGroups: Nukes,

? workflow, rules, new clients, connectors?

JBoss inc, the new safe choice

24/7 Support Indemnification

Certification J2EE, JASP

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JBoss Group Customers

JBoss Groups people are super-smart and could help us at the technical level we needed without us having to work our way through levels of support staff. Compared with our old vendor, we get great support for relatively low cost.
Jerry Shifrin, senior engineer, network management group, MCI (formerly WorldCom)

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CUSTOMERS

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JBoss numbers
A large community

40,000 documentation sets sold 500 contributors over time, 20 core (JBoss Inc)

INNOVATION INNOVATION INNOVATION

A standard in the market: #1 in development

More than 4M downloads in last two years alone

A standard in the market: #1 in OEM

Analyst private communication CRN survey puts JBoss certified consultant at #2 in fastest growing certification with large systems integrators

A Standard for System Integrators #2 in growth

A standard in the market: # 3 in production

BZResearch survey. 13% in 2002, 27% in 2003, largest growth of all

servers JDJ survey: 70% of users go to Deployment.

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J2EE Update
JBoss has licensed the TCK for J2EE 1.4 Work in progress Founders Program
Partners who are helping JBoss with the Certification effort

include Borland Iona Intel SchlumbergerSema Unisys WebMethods Sonic

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Professional Open Source

Revenue from Services
Back Office model with EXPERTS (5% utilization) Focus on quality of service as sole source of income

Attract & Retain Top Developers

Paid Open Source Development, boost to projects Support is developer to developers

Commercial Quality Code

Control over the quality of source, dedicated resources

JBoss Group, the best support for JBoss

Direct and unique chain of control in open source:

Support Bug Fix Next Version

Expand Services offering

Include support for Tomcat, hibernate and JavaGroup

(JGroups)

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JBoss Production Support

Staffed with the lead developers of JBoss Inc. Projects
Enables quick problem resolution from EXPERTS No navigating through levels of escalation

Prices range from $8,000 - $250,000

Price determined by Service Level Agreement Number of named projects

NO PER CPU COSTS

Eliminate procurement headaches Eliminate tracking of licenses Eliminate vendor audits

Eliminate architecture decision based on cost of CPU licenses

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JBoss Authorized Service Partner (JASP)

Expand Partnerships & Channel

ISV and OEM Systems Integrators Systems Vendors

Partner does 1st / 2nd line JBoss does expert 3rd line
Leverage installed base of JBoss Leverage existing partner channels to increase service

coverage Provide high level support with 1st line presence and 3rd line expertise.
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JBoss the projects

JBoss AS Full J2EE support, EJB, JMX, JMS, JCA, JAAS Hibernate O/R Mapping solution. Tomcat JSP/Servlet/Web server. JBossIDE Eclipse integration, tag driven development. Debugging. JBossCache Distributed data. JGroups Reliable multicast and cluster communication Nukes JBoss portal and CMS. JBossAOP Aspect-Oriented Programming with JBoss 4.0. Javassist Simple bytecode manipulation library
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Market Demand & JBoss Product Evolution

Enterprise

O/R Mapping Portal Byte Code Manipulation

Tactical

Aspects, J2EE 1.4 Clustering, Tomcat, Web Services Microkernel, JMX, J2EE APIs

Developer

Application Server EJB 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 JBoss Version

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JMX Architecture
Microkernel design

(2/4)

Independent cycling and loading

Hot Deployment of services and applications

Unified ClassLoaders, total Class visibility/cyclability Server JVM Service Archives (SARs) for easy configuration and net deployment

Service MBean

Service MBean

MBean Server

Service MBean

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Deployers: Bringing in the Services

Microkernel
Transaction Service Message Service Security Service Naming Service EJB Containers Data Sources

DeploymentScanner MainDeployer

SARDeployer EARDeployer EJBDeployer WARDeployer

*.xAR

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Microkernel benefits for SOA architecture

Microkernel approach ideal for ISV and OEM
Easily remove the services you dont need Tight footprint and modular codebase and hot

deploy/remove/redeploy JBoss is a TRUE Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Application A
JAR 1 RAR 3 Microkernel Transaction Service Security Service Naming Service Data Sources Custom SAR WAR 1 EAR 2 RAR 3 JAR 3 Microkernel Transaction Service Message Service Security Service Naming Service EJB Containers *.xAR Data Sources

Application B

DeploymentScanner MainDeployer

SARDeployer EARDeployer

DeploymentScanner MainDeployer

SARDeployer EARDeployer EJBDeployer WARDeployer

*.xAR

Custom SAR
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Deployers: Working from the Network Machine 1

Machine 2 Microkernel Microkernel

DeploymentScanner MainDeployer HTTP Scan

Load Services

DeploymentScanner MainDeployer HTTP Scan

Web Server Administrator

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Deployment Packages

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Deployers: Working from the Network

Microkernels and netboot enable new grid control
Domain of applicability: Robot control, Storage area networks,

Next generation routers Mars Lander syndrome hardware ships with software

Burn kernel in flash ram

Deploy applications from centralized repository Remote load at a later time It changes the way robot/router grids are built, deployed and

managed.

Machine 3

Microkernel Machine 2 Microkernel DeploymentScanner DeploymentScanner MainDeployer

Machine 4 Microkernel DeploymentScanner MainDeployer Machine 5 Microkernel DeploymentScanner

Machine 1 Microkernel DeploymentScanner MainDeployer

MainDeployer Machine 6 Microkernel DeploymentScanner

MainDeployer

Web Server Administrator

Deployment Packages The

MainDeployer

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JBoss 3.x Series EJB

EJB 2.0
No compiler approach (speed of development) Externalized stack of interceptors (AOP) Full CMP 2.0 engine migrating to Hibernate backend Integration with Tomcat in memory Advanced Security
Client JVM
Typed Interface Port 1234

Server JVM
EJB Container MBean

RemoteInvoker

JMX Microkernel

EJB Container MBean

Invocation 011101010101
Port 4321

Client
Client Proxy

RemoteInvoker

Service MBean

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An EJB Container
An EJB container is the sum of
Interceptors Plugins per container MBeans in the server
Data Source Transaction Manager

Microkernel

Bean Lock

Cache

CMP Engine

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Synchronization

Transaction

Connection

Security

Cache

Lock

Client Authentication Overview

ClientSide Client performs a login to establish principal and credentials Subsequent Bean method invocations include principal and credential with method info JBossServer JaasSecurityManager validates client principal and credentials by executing the JAAS LoginModule stack associated with the security domain name

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Security overview
The JBossSX framework includes a number of bundled login modules
Suitable for integration with standard security infrastructure

store protocols such as LDAP and JDBC Also includes standard base class implementations that help enforce the expected LoginModule to Subject usage pattern to help integrate your own authentication protocol.

The JBossSX framework includes an implementation of SRP that consists of the following elements:
An implementation of the SRP-3 handshake protocol

A client side JAAS LoginModule

A JMX MBean. It also establishes an authentication cache

that is bound into the JBoss server JNDI namespace. A server side JAAS LoginModule implementation that uses the authentication cache managed by the SRP JMX
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Web services in JBoss Overview: JBoss.net

Specifies how JBoss server components are exposed as Web service
Stateless Session Beans
Web components POJO as servlet

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JBoss Hibernate

Hibernate

IS EJB 3.0 CMP

CMP is an API and XML mappings Hibernate is the actual persistence engine Hibernate caches are being integrated with JBossCache Full distributed data with OR backend on one node

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Hibernate
Part of JBoss full-time Gavin King and Christian Bauer on board Persistence for POJOs (JavaBeans) Flexible and intuitive mapping Support for fine-grained object models Powerful, high performance queries Dual-Layer Caching Architecture (HDLCA) Support for detached objects (no DTOs) Transparent Persistence Automatic dirty checking Transitive Persistence Smart fetching and caching Smooth migration to EJB3.0
Consulting and support available as part of JBoss inc The Professional Open Source Company

Tomcat 5.0.x improvements

Tomcats Remy Maucherat is on JBoss inc staff Performance optimizations and reduced garbage collection Optional standalone deployer (validation and precompilation of webapps) Scalability and reliability enhancements Complete server monitoring using JMX Improved Taglibs handling, including advanced pooling and tag plugins Embedding of Tomcat using JMX Enhanced Security Manager support (now allows very restrictive policies) Expanded documentation
Consulting and support available as part of JBoss inc
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Tomcat standalone or Tomcat inside JBoss ?

Better JBoss deployer

Hot deployment Deployment of nested archives (EARs, SARs) Redeployment Automatic undeployment

Advanced clustering Integrated J2EE stack within one VM

Deployment descriptor Optimized local calls Integrated security

AOP in JBoss 4.0 available in Tomcat components and webapps

Easy to use classloader

Nukes
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JBoss IDE
JBoss IDE is based on Eclipse.
Series of plugins for Eclipse

The debugging and monitoring of JBoss servers and the control of their life cycle (start/stop). A very comfortable and sophisticated support for XDoclet
Support completion and generation Support for AOP (completion and generation).

An easy way to configure and deploy the packaging layout of archives (packed or exploded)
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What Is JBossCache?
What is JBossCache?
A transactional replicated cache for JBoss with and without

AOP (aspect-oriented programming)

A cache for frequently accessed elements

Stateful Session Beans, HTTPSession Caches are used in a number of places in JBoss

This one provides a central cache service (MBean interface)

All access goes through the cache

Write-through (lazy or eager) Reads only access the cache (very fast on cache hits) Items not in the cache are loaded (e.g. from database) Bounded size; old items are removed by eviction policy

Local (=non-replicated) and replicated caches

Replicated caches are the interesting part
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Feature
Transactions
All modifications done within TX, replication at TX commit. No

replication on rollback

Locking
Access to nodes serialized by locks Lock acquisition timeouts used for deadlock prevention

Replication
local: in-VM, no replication repl-async: replication done on separate thread repl-sync: replication done on user's thread, wait for all acks

All combinations supported

From local/no-tx/no-locking to repl/tx/locking Ex: repl-async/no-locking/TX

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Nukes on JBoss
Nukes on JBoss is a port of PHP postnukes
Scalability problems with Zend engine Full port to EJB/J2EE. Leverage the vast library of nukes modules

Most of PN modules are ported

Core : offers the core functionalities to other modules

Security, lifecycle management, parameterization

User : enables user management Html : stores files, filesystem is abstracted, stored in DB Sections : edit/publish articles FORUMS!!!!

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CMS: ease of update for nontechies

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Nukes components

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JBoss Q&A
Website: www.jboss.org and www.jboss.com Email: marc.fleury@jboss.com

THANK YOU! And remember we love you

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