Essentials Of Planning -Alfred Sumit Kujur

-Nikhil Minz -Amit Prasad

Good Things only Happen when planned,Bad things Happen on their own -Philip Crosby

What is Planning ??

Planning is a management Function,that involves defining goals,establishing strategies for achieving those goals,and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

There are Three phases of Planning

Defining Goals Establishing Strategies

Developing Plans

Why do Managers Plan ??

Planning provides Direction. Planning reduces Uncertainty. Planning establishes the Goals used in Controlling. Helps in Decision making. Reduces Time and Effort. Planning ensures Success.

GOALS Goals or objectives are desired outcomes or targets.

PLANS
Plans are documents that outline how goals are going to be met.

TYPES OF GOALS
Single goal:- when a company emphasizes only on one goal ex:- sales motive ,profit motive etc. Multiple goals:- all organization have multiple goals, having a single goal such as profit motive may result in unethical behaviors . Financial goals:-financial goals are related to the financial performance of the organization. Strategic goals :- are related to all other areas of an organization. Stated goals:- are those goals which can be found in an organization's charter, annual report, or public relations announcements or in public statements made by the manager. real goals:- can only be known by watching and observing what organizational members are doing.

TYPES OF PLANS
STRATEGIC PLANS:- apply to an entire organization and establish the organization's overall goals.

OPERATIONAL PLANS:-plans that encompass a particular operational area of the organization.

LONG TERM:-long term used to mean anything over seven years. but now long term means a time frame beyond three years. SHORT TERM:-are those covering one year or less. SPECIFIC PLANS:-are those that are clearly defined, and leaves no room for interpretation .so, there's no problem with misunderstanding. DIRECTIONAL PLANS:-when uncertainity is high ,managers must be flexible in order to respond to any unexpected changes,directional plans are flexible plans that set out general guidelines.

SINGLE-USE PLAN:- is a one time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation STANDING PLANS:-are ongoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly. standing plans include policies, rules and procedures.

Approaches to Setting Goals

Traditional Goal Setting

Goals set by the top managers flow down through the organization and become sub-goals for each organizational area. It assumes that the top managers know whats best because they see the big picture. Drawbacks-Top Managers define it in broad terms and the clarity is lost at the lower levels.

MBO (Management by objectives)

1.Goal Specificity 2.Participative decision making 3.Explicit time period 4.Performance Feedback

Approaches to Planning

Traditional-Planning is done entirely by top-level

managers who often are assisted by a Formal Planning Department. In this plans developed by Top-Level Managers flow down through other organizational levels and the plans are tailored to the particular needs of each level.

Modern-This approach involves more

organizational members in the process.In this the plans arent handed from one level to the next but are developed by the members at various levels and various work units to meet their specific needs.

Criticism of Planning
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Planning may create Rigidity. Plans cant be developed for a Dynamic environment. Plans cant replace intuition and creativity Planning focuses on todays Competition but not on Tomorrows Survival. Just planning isnt enough, you need to implement it right.

THANK YOU