CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES

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Triangles are classified according to its sides or according to its angles. Classification based on the number of congruent sides:
1. Scalene triangle - a triangle with no congruent sides 2. Isosceles triangle - a triangle with at least two congruent P sides called the legs 3. Equilateral triangle a triangle with all sides congruent

P S

Classification based on the kind of interior angles:

1. Acute a triangle with three acute angles

2. Obtuse a triangle with one obtuse angle

3. Equiangular a triangle with three angles congruent

4. Right angled triangle a triangle with one right angle B A S

T M A S R

Exercises: 1. Classify each triangle as scalene, isosceles or Q equilateral. a) QSR Isosceles 5 3 b) PQS Equilateral 3 c) PQR Scalene P 3 S 3 R

2. Classify each triangle as acute, right, obtuse or equiangular T a) TWU

b) TXV right

c) TXU
d) TUV

obtuse
Equiangular acute V 35

25 30 30

120 60 X

60 U

Classify each triangle according to its given sides or angles. 2 3

4 Scalene triangle
12 10 12 Isosceles triangle

Right angled triangle

Obtuse triangle

Refer to the diagram. Identify the following triangles.

1. Right triangle

2. Equilateral triangle
3. Obtuse triangle 4. Acute triangle 5. Scalene triangle 6. Isosceles triangle B 5

60
60 120 60 30 D

30

5 3
ANSWERS: 1. ABC 2. ABD 3. BDC 4. ABD 5. ABC 6. BDC 7. ABD 8. BDC 9. ABC 10.ABD

7. Equiangular triangle
8. Isosceles-obtuse triangle 9. Scalene-right triangle

AREA AND PERIMETER OF A TRIANGLE

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Perimeter is a path that surrounds an area. The word comes from the Greek peri (around) and meter (measure). The term may be used either for the path or its length - it can be thought of as the distance round a plane figure. Perimeter of a triangle = a + b + c; where a, b and c are the lengths of the sides of the triangle.

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The area of a figure measures the size of the region enclosed by the figure. This is usually expressed in terms of some square unit. A few examples of the units used are square meters, square centimeters, square inches, or square kilometers.

1 bh Area of a triangle = 2
where, b is the base and h is the height

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Example # 1:

Find the perimeter and area of the given triangle ABC.

A Solution: Perimeter of ABC = 20 m + 12m + 16 m = 48 m 12 m

20 m

16 m

Area of

=
=

1 2 1 2

x b x h
x 12 x 16

= 96 m2

B
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Example # 2:

Find the base of a triangle of area 80cm2 and height 10cm.

Solution: Area of
1 2 1 2

h = 10 cm = 80 cm2

x b x h = 80 cm2

x b x 10 = 80 cm2
5b = 80 cm2
80 b = = 16 cm 5

b= ?

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EXERCISES 1. Find the area of each of the following triangles: (a) 10 mm 18 mm

Area = 90 mm2

(b)

16 cm

19 cm

Area = 152 cm2

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( c)

9 mm

Area = 54 mm2

12 mm

(d)

9 cm Area = 27 cm2

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2. Find the unknown height (h) or base (b) of each of the following triangles:

(a)

(b)
10 cm

8 mm Area = 40mm2 b Area = 60cm2

Height = 10 mm

Base = 12 cm
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(c )

Area = 18mm2 Base = 9 mm b

4 mm

(d) Area = 128 cm2 Height = 16 cm h

16 cm

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3. Find the perimeter of an equilateral triangle of side 1.7 cm. Perimeter = 5.1 cm

4. Find the area of the shaded region.

10 cm

10 cm

Area of the shaded region = 76 cm2

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5. A flag is in the shape of an isosceles triangle. Calculate (a) the length of the lace (in m) required to attach round it, Length of the lace = 3.6 m (b) the area of the triangle in m2 . Area of the triangle = 0.6 m2 lace

100 cm

130 cm 120 cm
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6. In the figure, AH = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm and BC = 16 cm. (a) Find the area of triangle ABC. (b) Find the perimeter of triangle AHC. A
Area of triangle ABC = 72 cm2

9 cm

12 cm

H
16 cm

C
Perimeter of triangle AHC = 29 cm
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7. ABCD is a rectangle. The lines AC and BD cross at E. If AB = 4 cm and BC = 6cm, find the area of (a) Triangle ABC, (b) Triangle ADE. D E

Area of triangle ABC = 12 cm2

4 cm

6 cm

Area of triangle ADE = 6 cm2

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8. ABCD is a rectangle. Calculate (a) The area of triangle AEF, (b) The shaded area EBCDF. B 4cm E 3cm A Area of triangle AEF = 6 cm2

4 cm
F 5 cm

Area of EBCDF = 57 cm2

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9. ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 4.5 cm and AD = 6 cm. Calculate (a) The perimeter of the rectangle, (b) The area of triangle BCD.

4.5 cm

Perimeter of the rectangle = 21cm

6 cm

Area of triangle BCD = 13.5 cm2

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10. ABCD is a rectangle and CDE is a straight line. AB = 6 cm, BC = 5 cm and ED = 4 cm. Calculate
(a) The area of triangle ADE, (b) The perimeter of the rectangle ABCD. A 6 cm

B
5 cm

4 cm

C
Perimeter of ABCD = 22 cm

Area of triangle ADE Shadow Teaching Team = 10 cm2

11. Triangle FDE is cut off from the corner of rectangle ABCDE. (a) Find the perimeter of ABCDF. (b) Find the perimeter of FED.
A 5 cm

B
Perimeter of ABCDF = 42 cm 5 cm C Perimeter of FED = 12 cm

F 3 cm

E 4 cm D 10 cm

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12. ABCD is a rectangle. (a) Calculate the area of triangle ECF. (b) Calculate the shaded area ABEFD. D 5 cm F 3 cm C 3 cm E 2 cm A B Area of triangle ABEFD = 35.5 cm2 Area of triangle ECF = 4.5 cm2

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13. A park is in the shape of a triangle ABC. AB = 1 600 m, BC = 2 000 m, CA = 1 200 m and angle CAB = 90. (a) Calculate the perimeter of the park giving your answers in kilometres. (b) Calculate the area of the park in square meters. C Perimeter of the park = 4.8 km 2 000 m 1 200 m Area of the park = 960 000 m2 A 1 600 m B
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