What You Need to Know for the Genetics Test

Mendel (p. 556)

Who was he? What did he contribute to the field genetics? Specifically, what did he discover? Make sure you know the correct format for writing alleles in genetics crosses

Genetic Material
Make sure you know the difference between DNA, chromosomes, genes, alleles What are homologous pairs? Where do we get them? How are they the same? Different?

Mitosis and Meiosis

What is the end product of mitosis? What is the purpose of mitosis? What is the end product of meiosis? What is the purpose of meiosis? Be able to explain how genetic material is transferred cell to cell, parent to offspring.

Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis

Characteristic
Number of daughter cells Number of cell division(s) Daughter cells are diploid or haploid Daughter cells are identical or different

Mitosis
2 1 Diploid Identical

Meiosis
4 2 Haploid Different

Parent cell is diploid or haploid

Diploid

Diploid

Human Karyotype

Predicting Genetic Outcomes

As a result of meiosis, human gametes have only half the number of body cells. Why is this important? Punnett Square Practice monohybrid(one trait) crosses

What is the outcome of this cross?

Protein Synthesis

Multiple Alleles

Know examples of traits with multiple alleles and examples of traits with only two alleles. Be able to complete Punnett squares for both.

Sex Inheritance and Sex-Linked Genes

What determines the sex of a child? What are the genotypes that determine sex? Why are males more likely to have sexlinked traits?

Sex-Related Trait

Regular Trait

Pedigrees

Be able to drawn and interpret pedigrees. Be able to determine if a pedigree is tracking a regular recessive trait or sex-linked trait.