Sukir,MSc

PROTEIN
BAHAN AJAR KIMIA XII/2 MA DARUL ULUM MUHAMMADIYAH GALUR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014

PROTEIN
Merupakan komponen utama pembentukan dan

pertumbuhan tubuh. Dibedakan atas protein hewani dan nabati. Protein merupakan polimer alam yang tersusun atas monomer asam amino yang dihubungkan oleh ikatan peptida sehingga disebut polipeptida.

Asam amino
Protein tersusun atas banyak asam amino yang disatukan oleh ikatan peptida. Asam amino ini merupakan turunan asam karboksilat, yaitu dengan mensubstitusi sebuah atom hidrogen dengan gugus amino. Asam amino dalam air mengalami Zwitter ion yaitu memiliki ion positif dan negatif sekaligus.

Contoh asam amino

Contoh asam amino

Contoh asam amino

Contoh asam amino

Contoh asam amino

Pembentukan Protein

Pengelompokan Protein

Protein Folding
2 regular folding patterns

have been identified formed between the bonds of the peptide backbone -helix protein turns like a spiral fibrous proteins (hair, nails, horns) -sheet protein folds back on itself as in a ribbon globular protein

Globular Proteins

The side chains will help determine the

conformation in an aqueous solution

Levels of Organization
Primary structure Amino acid sequence of the protein Secondary structure H bonds in the peptide chain backbone -helix and -sheets Tertiary structure Non-covalent interactions between the R

groups within the protein Quanternary structure Interaction between 2 polypeptide chains

Denaturation of Proteins
Extremes of

temperature and pH have a drastic effect on protein conformation Denaturation

Is the loss of organized

structure of a globular protein Does not alter primary structure

Poisoning of Proteins
Because structure and 3-D shape

matters in activity, proteins are very susceptible to changes in conditions

Hydrolysis: breaking down into smaller
18.10 Denaturation of Proteins

peptides or amino acids

Changes in pH Enzymes Temperature

Denaturation: breaking up the 3-D shape Temperature Heavy metals

Heme and Oxygen Binding

Heme group is an

18.9 Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

essential component of the proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin Fe2+ ion in the heme group is the oxygen binding site Each hemoglobin contains a heme group which can hold 1 molecule of oxygen

18.9 Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Myoglobin and Oxygen Storage Hemoglobin is the oxygentransport protein of higher animals Myoglobin is the oxygen storage protein of skeletal muscle Oxygen is transferred from hemoglobin to myoglobin as myoglobin has a stronger attraction for oxygen than hemoglobin does

Kerjakan soal berikut : 1. Bagaimana suatu protein dapat terbentuk? 2. Sebutkan penggolongan protein dan berikan contohnya. 3. Bagaimana sifat ionisasi protein? 4. Apa yang dimaksud dengan titik isolistrik protein? 5. Apa yang dimaksud dengan denaturasi dan mengapa protein dapat mengalami denaturasi?