GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT  INTRODUCTION:
Global Positioning System (GPS) is
the only system today able to show ones
own position on the earth any time in any
weather, anywhere. This paper addresses
this satellite based navigation system at
length. The different segments of GPS viz.
space segment, control segment, user
segment are discussed. In addition, how this
amazing system GPS works, is clearly
described. The various errors that degrade
the performance of GPS are also included.
DIFFERENTIAL GPS, which is used to
improve the accuracy of measurements, is
also studied. The need, working and
implementation of DGPS are discussed at
length. Finally, the paper ends with
advanced application of GPS.
Global Positioning System
(GPS) is a satellite-based
navigation system developed
and operated by the US
Department of Defense. GPS
permits land, sea and airborne
users to determine their three-
dimensional position, velocity
and time. This service is
available to milatary and
civilian user Around the clock
in all weather,any where in
the world
 Three Segments of the GPS
Space Segment

User Segment

Control Segment

Ground
Antennas
Master Station Monitor Stations
 History of the GPS
 1969—Defense  1993_24TH satellite
Navigation Satellite
launched ,initial
System (DNSS) formed
operational capability
 1973—NAVSTAR Global
 1995_ full
Positioning System
developed operational capability
 1978—first 4 satellites  May 2000_military
launched accuracy available
Delta rocket launch to all users.
The GPS Constellation
Position is Based on Time
Signal leaves satellite
at time “T”

Signal is picked up by the

T+3 receiver at time “T + 3”
Distance between satellite
and receiver = “3 times the
speed of light”
 How does GPS work?
 Satellite ranging
 Satellite locations
 Satellite to user distance
 Need four satellites to determine position
 Distance measurement
 Radio signal traveling at speed of light
 Measure time from satellite to user
 Low-tech simulation
 Pseudo random code
Comlex signals
Unique satillite to each satellite
All satellites use same freqency information theory
economial
 Application of GPS Technology
 Location - determining a basic position
 Navigation - getting from one location to another
 Tracking - monitoring the movement of people and
things
 Mapping - creating maps of the world
 Timing - bringing precise timing to the world
 private and recreation
travelling by a car , hiking, climing, biking
vehicle control
English channel tunnel
Agriculture , aviation
general and commercial , space craft
 GPS Operation Jargon
 “Waypoint” or “Landmark”
 “Track” or “Heading”
 “Bearing”
 CDI
 Route
 Mark
 GOTO
GPS/Digital Telephone
 GPS Websites
 REFERENCES:
 Satellite Communication-
T.Pratt And C.W.Bostain-
John Wiley And Sons.
 www.iec.org
 www.sss-mag.com
 http://www.gps education
resource.com/gps
news.htm
 USDO NAVSTAR Home
page
information on the GPS
constillation
How stuff works GPS
good everyday
language explanation
Trimble GPS tutorial
flash animations
GPS Way point registry
data base of
coordinates
 CONCLUSION
 GPS, a satellite based
navigation system, thus
can be used to determine
the position of an object
on earth. As discussed
above, its application field
is vast and new
applications will continue
to be created as the
technology evolves.
 GPS can also
interfaced with other
similar projects such
EU’S ,GALILEO to
account for unpredictable
applications.thus the
GPS constellation,like
man made stars in the
sky ,can be used for
guiding and navigation.