Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Modern engines use thinner casting and require more precise measuring
Selectively fit engines All parts are measured and marked according to size Then selectively assembled for optimum clearance
Copyright 2003 Gary Lewis - Dave Capitolo
Tolerance limits The minimum and maximum allowable diameters Specified clearance Difference in diameters for mating parts Specified clearance of replacement part should be used
Example of tolerance limits for crankshaft and housing bore Standard shaft size 1.9995/2.0005 in. Housing bore diameter 2.1245/2.1250 in. Clearances Difference between shaft OD and bearing ID Minimums and maximums
Maximum bearing inside diameter Maximum housing bore +2.1250 in. Bearing thickness -.0615 in. Bearing thickness -.0615 in. Max bearing inside diameter 2.0020 in. Minimum bearing inside diameter Minimum housing bore +2.1245 in. Bearing thickness -.0615 in. Bearing thickness -.0615 in. Min bearing inside diameter 2.0015 in.
Minimum bearing clearance Minimum bearing ID Maximum crankshaft diameter Minimum bearing clearance +2.0015 in. - 2.0005 in. .001 in.
Maximum bearing clearance Maximum bearing ID Minimum crankshaft diameter Maximum bearing clearance +2.0020 in. - 1.9995 in. .0025 in.
Example of valve stem clearance Valve stem diameter Stem-to-guide clearance .3405 - .3415 in. .0015 - .0025 in.
Thermal expansion Engines are assembled at room temperature An error at room temperature may cause problems at operating temperature
Example from book Pin diameter Pin bore diameter Clearance at room temp Pin diameter with 250 F change Pin bore with 250 F change Clearance with 250 F change .9000 .9005 .0005 .9013 .9032 .0019
Units of measure for linear measurement 1 mm = .03937 .1 mm = .003937 .01 mm = .0003937 .001 mm = .00003937
To convert inches to millimeters Inches times 25.4 or Inches divided by .03937 To convert millimeters to inches Millimeters divided by 25.4 or Millimeters times .03937
Depth micrometer
Telescoping gauge Split ball gauge
Dial indicator
Dial bore gauge Calipers
Outside micrometer Screw pitch of 1/40 or .025 for inch micrometer Screw pitch of .50 mm for metric micrometers One inch of travel Resolution limit of .0001 for inch micrometers Resolution limit of up to .001 mm for metric Calibrated with standards or gauge blocks
Depth micrometer
Used for measuring deck clearance, stepped flywheels Screw pitches same as outside micrometer One inch of travel Resolution limit of .001 for inch micrometers Scales are read in reverse order Calibrated with gauge blocks and surface plate
Inside micrometer
Used for measuring cylinder bores, housing bores Screw pitches same as outside micrometer One inch of travel Used more often with transfer measurements
Transfer measurement
Adjust inside micrometer to size Measure with an outside micrometer Other tools include telescoping and split ball gauges
Dial indicators
Resolution limits printed on dial face Used for checking straightness of cams and cranks Read TIR (total indicator reading) Check out-of-roundness first
Used for cylinder bores and main bores Uses comparative measurement Set up in a setting fixture or outside micrometer Measure differences in the size that was set
Calipers
Dial and digital calipers Lack of rigidity limits accuracy to .002 Easy to read
Surface finish
Crank journals 10 AA micro inches Head and block deck surfaces 2060 AA micro inches Cylinder bores 10-15 AA for moly rings 25-30 AA for iron and chrome
Fastener terminology
Major diameter - Largest thread diameter Minor diameter - Smallest thread diameter Pitch - Distance between threads Threads per inch - Number of thread in a linear inch Grade - A system of grading fastener strength
Threaded fasteners Bolts, machine screws, and capscrews stretch when tightened Fasteners have an elastic limit, then fracture occurs Below elastic limit, fasteners can be tightened repeatedly
Necked down bolt Example of a bolt that has been necked down. Tightening past its elastic limit
Fastener strength Cross section of threads Minor diameter effects strength As pitch increases on external threads, crossection decreases As pitch increases on internal threads, crossection increases