Speech Organs And Articulations

The study of the

sound systems of languages, and of the general properties displayed by these systems (the contrast in sound [phoneme] ) which make the difference within the language.
The Lecturer

Phonology is concerned with the functional properties of speech sounds

Phonetics is concerned with the physical aspects of speech sounds

wikipedia

There are seven main articulators; 1. Pharynx 2. Velum/Soft Palate 3. Hard Palate 4. Alveolar Ridge 5. Upper Teeth 6. Lower Teeth 7. Lips

 Plosive / stop air flow momentarily halted, then released forcefully Fricative friction is caused by a slight obstruction in the air stream Affricate a mixture between plosive and fricative; the air flow is first halted, then released with friction

/p/ /b/ /g/

/f/ /z/

/ t / /d3/

 Lateral formed by the sides of the tongue making contact with the upper teeth Post-alveolar or retroflex tongue bent upwards and backwards Nasal air release through the nasal passage Glides/Frictionless continuant no friction, but lasting sound

/l/

/r/

/m/ /n/ /y/

/w/ /r/ /j/

Voice production..
organs of speech - in the mouth and throat. air pushed out from the lungs through the larynx and epiglottis vibrates the vocal cords producing a continuous tone whose pitch can be changed by varying the shape of the larynx. Consonants - modified by the tongue and lips, are formed when air is emitted suddenly or when it is cut off firmly. Voice production occurs in the larynx.

 During breathing the vocal cords are held apart, but as speech commences, the cartilages of the larynx are drawn together by the action of muscles and a "chink" is created. The tension of the vibrating cords, changed by the tilting of the cartilages, alters the pitch of the spoken sound. High notes are produced by the vibration of tight vocal cords and low notes are produced by vibrating loose cords.

Chink - a small narrow crack or opening

 Pharyngeal sound A tube above the larynx. Divided into two at the top;
the back of the mouth the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity (above the mouth, behind the nose)

the symbol in IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is

The Lecturer Wikipedia

 Velar consonant. Often in speech, the velum is raised so that air cannot escape through the nose. When the /k/ and the /g/ (velar consonants) sound is produced, the tongue is in contact with the lower side of the velum.

Hard Palate
Roof of the mouth. The the tongue and the hard palate interaction Roof of between the mouth. is essential in the formation of /t/, /d/, /j/, and // sound.

The interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential in the formation of /t/, /d/ and /j/ sound.

Alveolar sound. Between the top front teeth and the hard palate. Its surface is covered with little ridge. The sound produced is called alveolar
/t/ and /d/

Most speakers have teeth to the sides of their mouth. The back is almost to the soft palate. The tongue is in contact for many speech sounds. Dental sound; /t/, /d/, /n/, and /l/

 Pressed together (bilabial) /p/ Brought into contact with teeth (labiodentals) /f/, /v/ Rounded /u/

 A very complex and dependent articulators The vibration of larynx can be detected while producing the sound /z/

 Nasal consonant /m/ and /n/

 Being called as articulators because of the movement of the jaws Jaws not like other articulators dont make contact with other articulators.