We will learn:

How electricity is produced? Faradays Law of induction. What is Gas Turbine. What is Steam Turbine.

Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Production of a potential difference (voltage) across a conductor when magnetic field around it is varied. It can also be induced in the coils if they are moved in the constant magnetic fields.

This is the basic principle underlying the

electrical generators. If the wire is connected through an electrical load , current will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.

A dynamo machine consists of a stationary

structure, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field.

What is a Gas Turbine?

A gas turbine is a machine delivering

mechanical power or thrust. A gaseous working fluid is employed to run the turbine. The working fluid flows continuously with in the turbine and after losing its energy is released out as low pressure exhaust in to the atmosphere.

Parts of the Gas Turbine Power Plant:

Compressor : draws air into the engine,

pressurizes it, and feeds it to the combustion chamber at speeds of hundreds of miles per hour. Combustion Chamber : Typically made up of a ring of fuel injectors that inject a steady stream of fuel into combustion chambers where it mixes with the air. The mixture is burned at temperatures of more than 2000 degrees F.

The combustion produces a high

temperature, high pressure gas stream that enters and expands through the turbine section. Gas Turbine :is a series of alternate stationary and rotating aerofoil-section blades. As hot combustion gas expands through the turbine, it spins the rotating blades.

The basic construction of a gas turbine

employs vanes or blades mounted on a shaft and enclosed in a casing. The flow of fluid through turbine in most designs is axial to the rotor. There are two types of blades used in all turbines. Those that are fixed on the rotor and move with the shaft.

Those that are fixed to the casing and help

to guide and accelerate or decelerate the flow of fluid, being called fixed blades or vanes.

 The cycle that is present is known as the

Joule-Brayton cycle. This cycle consists of four important points. Starting at position 1 where the gas has passed through the inlet, after that the gas then passes through the compressor. The gas is then heated in the combustor. (Point 3.)Finally, the gas is expanded in the turbine. (Point 4.)

What is Steam Power Plant?

A Steam Turbine is a device which converts

the heat energy of steam into the kinetic energy & then to rotational energy. The Motive Power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate.

Components of a Steam power plant

Boiler: Here water is converted into steam,

either superheated or saturated, depending upon the conditions required. It can be water-tube boiler or Fire-tube boiler. Condenser: Condenser is a heat exchanger that condenses the steam back to water. Pump: it is employed to raise the water back to the level of boiler.

Steam Turbine: it converts the kinetic

energy of high-temperature steam into the rotational energy of shaft.

Fuel is burnt to produce steam in the

boiler. Any fuel can be used to produce heat ranging from coal to bagasse. The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades, mounted on a shaft. Steam after losing its energy leaves the turbine and enters into condenser.

After condensation the water is pumped

up, through a feed water pump, to the boiler again and the cycle continues. This cycle is known as Rankine cycle

Difference between GTPP & STPP

Gas Turbine
Working fluid is any Gas.
Compressor is used for transporting the working fluid. Fuel and working fluid are same. Combustion chamber is present. Gaseous fuel is used. Efficiency is comparatively less.

Steam Turbine
Working fluid is steam.
Pump is used for transporting the working fluid. Fuel is different from the working fluid. Boiler replaces the Combustion chamber. Any type of Fuel can be used . Efficiency is higher.