Chapter 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen

Horney, Erich Fromm

Karen Horney (1885-1952)

Born in Germany Encouraged to study medicine by her mother Received her degree from University of Berlin Experienced challenges of having a career and children Moved to US Disagreements with Freudian perspective led her to found the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and American Institute of Psychoanalysis

Anxiety
Anxiety result of social and environmental forces Basic Anxiety
Pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world

Basic evil
Negative factors that provoke insecurity

Neurotic Needs or Trends

Defense attitudes
Developed to permit us to cope with the world Minimize feelings of anxiety

Neurotic needs or trends

Defense attitudes that become exaggerated Three types of coping strategies
Moving towards people Moving against people Moving away from people

Idealized Self
Real self What we are Idealized self What we think we should be Alienation Tyranny of the should

Feminine Psychology
Psychological theory that focuses on womens experiences Re-evaluation of Freud Womb envy

Assessment and Research in Horneys Theory

Used free association and dream analysis as her assessment of personality Systematic self-analysis Stimulated research in
Feminine psychology Hypercompetitiveness Attachment theory Parenting styles

Evaluating Horneys Theory

Horney was engaged in scientific activity and believed her method and therapy must be open to scientific investigation and research Theory reflects deep philosophical commitments Particularly valuable contributions to art of performing therapy

Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

Born in Germany

Received his Ph.D. from University of Heidelberg in 1922 Studied analysis at Institute of Berlin becoming a lay analyst (analyst without formal medical training) Came to the US in 1933 and worked closely with Karen Horney

Basic Human Conditions and Needs

Freedom: a basic human condition that posits a psychological problem
As people have gained freedom, we have become characterized by feelings of separation and isolation

Escape Mechanisms
Escape the burden of freedom
Authoritarianism Destructiveness Automation conformity

Fun Fact

Dogs Pigs Sheep Ultimate goal is care! You know that I care what happens to you, and I know that you care for meAnd any fool knows a dog needs a home, a shelter from pigs on the wing.

Basic Needs
Relatedness Transcendence Rootedness Sense of Identity Frame of Orientation andor Object of Devotion Excitation and Stimulation

Character Orientations
Receptive Exploitative Hoarding Marketing Productive

Assessment and Research in Fromms Theory

Assessment and research have focused on culture and society and their influence of character
Mexican village studies Self-orientation study of corporate leaders Terror management theory

Evaluating Fromms Theory

Fromm rejected scientism Theory shows deep philosophical commitments Fromm has illuminated our understanding of culture and society and how they influence personality