7B Reproduction

7B Reproduction
New life Human reproduction Pregnancy Puberty
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7B Reproduction

New life

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7B New life What is reproduction?

Reproduction is the creation of a new living thing. All species reproduce by creating new individuals called offspring.

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7B New life - How does a new life start?

In most animals, a new life begins when a female egg cell joins with a male sperm cell.

egg cell (ovum)

sperm cell

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7B New life - How does a new life start?

When an egg and sperm meet, the two nuclei fuse together to form a new living thing. This process is called fertilisation.

How does the fertilised egg contain genetic information from the female parent and the male parent?
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7B New life Reproductive patterns

Animals reproduce in different ways to ensure survival depending on their environment.

Compare the reproductive patterns of different animals.

number of eggs fertilisation time until birth

1000s external 5-15 days no low

2-8 internal 3 weeks yes high

3-5 internal 8-9 weeks yes high

1 internal 9 months yes high

care after birth?

survival of offspring

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7B Reproduction

Human reproduction

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7B Human reproduction - Adaptations

How are adult humans adapted for reproduction?

The male body is adapted to produce sperm and pass it on to the female. The female body is adapted so that an egg cell can be fertilised by a sperm cell. The female is also designed to carry the developing offspring until it is ready to be born.

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7B Human reproduction - Male reproductive organs

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7B Human reproduction - Female reproductive organs

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7B Human reproduction - Female or male?

These scrambled words are parts of the human reproductive system.

gegs tusure estest merps pinalfoal bute snepi motrucs sevario gaivan smerp dctu Unscramble them and decide if they are female or male?
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7B Human reproduction Fertilisation

Human reproduction begins with fertilisation.

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7B Reproduction

Pregnancy

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7B Pregnancy Development of the human fetus

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7B Pregnancy - Dangers to fetus

Why does a pregnant woman have to be careful about what she takes into her body?

A baby is entirely dependent on its mother during pregnancy.

Oxygen and food pass across the placenta from the mothers blood to the embryos blood.

Some harmful substances can also pass across the placenta with serious effects on the developing baby.

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7B Pregnancy - Dangers to fetus

Match the substance to the effect it may have on a developing baby.

Harmful Harmful substance substance 4 virus 1 HIV alcohol 2 smoking drugs 3 Effect on baby A Fetus may be infected with life-threatening disease before it is born. B Oxygen supply is reduced by nicotine and carbon monoxide.

5 3 Rubella smoking virus

C Embryo infected and cannot develop properly. It may be born blind or deaf.
D Blood vessels and heart may be damaged. Baby maybe small, born early or born dead. E Baby may be born underweight or brain-damaged.

2 4 drugs HIV virus 1 5 alcohol Rubella virus

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7B Pregnancy Birth

Put these sentences about the stages of birth in the right order.
A. During F. The amnion labour, splits hormones and the make watery the amniotic muscles fluid of the runs uterus out. contract at regular intervals. A. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract B. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the at regular intervals. mothers body. C. C. The The muscles muscles of of the the cervix cervix relax relax and and the the head head of of the the baby baby passes passes into into the the vagina vagina. . D. D. The The baby baby turns turns so so that that its its head head is is above above the the cervix, cervix, ready ready for for birth. birth. E. The contractions of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina. F. The B. Contractions amnion splits continue and until the watery the placenta amniotic hasfluid passed runs out out. of the mothers body.
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7B Reproduction

Puberty

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7B Puberty - Growing up

Humans change as they grow from a baby to an adult.

The graph shows the rate of growth for a typical human.

Why is the rate of growth not a straight line? When is the growth rate fastest?
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7B Puberty - Hormones

1. Most people reach puberty between the ages of a) 10 and 18. b) 18 and 30. c) 30 and 60. 2. During puberty young people start to develop into a) astronauts. b) androids. c) adults.

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7B Puberty - Hormones

3. Changes during puberty are controlled by special chemicals called a) hornets. b) hormones. c) horses. 4. Hormones are released inside the body and cause a) physical changes only. b) emotional changes only. c) physical and emotional changes.

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7B Puberty - Hormones

5. Emotional changes during puberty affect a) feelings and behaviour. b) your hearing. c) the weather. 6. Physical changes during puberty affect the size and shape of a) the body.

b) CD players.
c) hornets.
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7B Puberty - Hormones

7. After puberty the individual has become a) sexually mature and is able to produce offspring. b) a professional footballer and is able to go shopping. c) a blackbelt in judo and is able to go travelling. 8. Understanding the science of your body as it changes is important to

a) your neighbours.
b) your doctor. c) your health.

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7B Puberty - Menstrual cycle

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7B Puberty - Menstrual cycle

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