PAPR Reduction of DHT-Precoded OFDM System for M-QAM

under the guidance of Mr. A. MallaReddy Asst.Professor.

Dept. of ECE

by D.Mahendra 10621D6109
M.Tech (Communication Systems)

Aim:
Reducing and Analyzing the Peak To Average

Power Ratio( PAPR) in OFDM system.

Introduction:
High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the major drawbacks in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The High PAPR increases the complexity of Analogue to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analogue (D/A) convertors and also reduces the efficiency of RF High Power Amplifier (HPA). In this Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) precoded OFDM system using M-QAM (where M=16, 32, 64, 256).

OFDM
OFDM: a form of Multi Carrier Modulation.

Different symbols are transmitted over different

subcarriers Spectra overlap, but signals are orthogonal.

Block Diagram of OFDM

What is PAPR

The crest factor or peak-to-average ratio (PAR) or peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) is a measurement of a waveform, calculated from the peak amplitude of the waveform divided by the AVERAGE value of the waveform.

Effects of PAPR

The

High PAPR increases the complexity of

Analogue to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analogue (D/A) convertors

Reduces the efficiency of RF High Power Amplifier

(HPA)

Existing System
Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT) pre coded

OFDM system
Selected Mapping (SLM) OFDM system Original System for M QAM

Cont..
Tone Reservation (TR) Tone Injection (TI)

clipping and filtering

Disadvantages
Need several Iterations Complex signal to separate it to real numbers

which increases the computational complexity

Lot of effort to characterize the performance

Proposed System
The Precoding Based OFDM system The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Precoding The Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) Precoding

Advantages
Better PAPR reduction
Efficiency Low Complexity

Proposed Block Diagram

M-QAM MAPPER

S/P

PRE CODING

IFFT

P/S

CHANNEL

M-QAM DE MAPPER

P/S

INVERSE PRE CODING

FFT

S/P

Block Diagram of Precoded OFDM

M-QAM MAPPER

PRE CODER

S/P

The Precoding matrix P can be written as

where P is a Precoding Matrix of size X is shown in equation. The complex baseband OFDM signal with subcarriers can be written as

We can express modulated OFDM vector signal with subcarriers as.

1/30/2014

And PAPR of the precoded OFDM signal can be rewritten in terms of pm(t) as

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Precoding

The DFT of a sequence of length can be defined as

and IDFT can be written as

The Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) Precoding

The DHT is a linear transform. In DHT real numbers X0 , X1, ,, XN are

transformed in to real numbers. H1 H2 Hn-1 According to the point DHT can be defined as

Example:- DHT Pre coding

Sub carriers NS=4 Modulation factor Q=16 Transmitted data generated random values Tx 2 15 15 7

Applying QAM
Tx mod=qam mod(Tx,mod) Txed mo= -3-1i 3-3i 3-3i -1-3i Applying IFFT Tx Ifft=x(n)= 0.5-2.5i -1.5+1.5i -0.5+0.5i -1.5-0.5i

DHT
H=X(n)(cos2*3.14*n*k/N)+sin(2*3.14*n*k/N) Here K=1 0.5 1.0-0.5i 0.5+1.0i 1.0+2.5i

Channel
0.76-0.60i 0.91-1.98i 1.9+0.9i 4.5+2.6i Applying FFT 8.2+0.9i -5.8+2.12i -2.7-0.3i 3.3-5.18i

Demodulation
13 0 2 15 PAPR=Peak value/mean value Peak value=max(H*cong(H))=7.25 Mean value=max(max(cong(H)*H)/Length(H))=2.50 PAPR=2.90

WITHOUT PRECODING
Ifft values: Xn = 0.5-2.5i -1.5+1.5i -0.5+0.5i -1.5-0.5i PAPR=Peak value/mean value Peak value=max(H*cong(H))=6.5 Mean value=max(max(cong(H)*H)/Length(H))=1.62 PAPR=4.02

Applications
Multi-Standard Transceiver Generalized Multi-Carrier transmission

Modern Wireless Communications due to its high

spectral efficiency

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
MATLAB 7.0 AND ABOVE
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical

computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Typical uses include:

Typical uses include:

Math and computation Algorithm development Modeling, simulation, and prototyping Data analysis, exploration, and visualization Scientific and engineering graphics Application development, including Graphical User Interface building

Results

Thank You