EFFECTIVE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENT USING EYE BLINK AND STEERING CONTROL

PROJECT GUIDE : MR. SURESH NORMAN

TO BE DONE BY, M.NANDHINI DEVI (3150 10!053" R.SINDHU (3150 10!0#$" A.CHANDRALEKHA (3150 10!%00"

OBJECTIVE
To design a microcontroller(ATMEL) which will effectivel !revent the accident " monitoring the e e "lin# rate of the driver and also alert the driver if he ta#es off his hands from the steering wheel$

BLOCK DIAGRAM&TRANSMITTER

%E&C'I(TIO)

Transmitter section is located in the vehicle In the transmitter section the e e "lin# sensor is !laced near the e e to sense the "lin# co*nt and this information is transmitted in the form of !*lses and is given to the Microcontroller$ The Microcontroller *ses this information to com!are with the normal e e "lin# !rogrammed in the chi! and if an a"normal sit*ation arises the vehicle is sto!!ed with an alarm indication$ This o!eration is ena"led " means of the driver circ*it connected to the vehicle motor and the signal is transmitted via '+,transmitter at the fre-*enc of .//$01 M23$

BLOCK DIAGRAM&RECEIVER

%E&C'I(TIO)
'eceiver

section is located in remote !lace ((olice station4 near ones4 etc)$ In the 'eceiver side the transmitted signal is received and the signal is decoded and given to the Microcontroller$ Microcontroller *ses this information for dis!la ing the alert message in the LC% as !rogrammed$ &im*ltaneo*sl a "*33er alert is also given$

TOOL&
H'()*'(+ R+,-.(+/+012: ATMEL microcontroller a)It has an in"*ilt 5# memor ")It has 1 in"*ilt timers in it c)it is a low voltage high !erformance microcontroller (ower s*!!l 6nit '+ Transmitter and 'eceiver &ensor and interfacing *nit Alarm and LC%$

S341*'(+ R+,-.(+/+012: Em"edded C 7eil com!iler

&T6%8 O+ E8E BLI)7 &E)&O'&

5EB6DIGITAL CAMERA

In this sensor we are 9*st ca!t*ring the !ict*re often$ The ca!t*red !ict*red is chec#ed !eriodicall $ Es!eciall the !i:els of e e is se!arated and anal 3ed whether the e e is closed or not$ %*e to the ver short d*ration of e e "lin#ing it is ver essential to *se a high resol*tion camera which is costl It leads to the signal !rocessing chi! li#e %&( !rocessor or a +(;A$ &o the !rod*ct "ecomes costlier and costlier$

LASER TRANSMITTER 7 RECEIVER

<e are *sing a laser diode which we sending a small !*lse of laser to the e e and the reflection time is calc*lated$ If the reflection time is a little "it short than the normal means the e e is closed$ B*t the ma9or disadvantage is the acc*rac $ The time for "lin#ing is ver short and hence it is ver diffic*lt to co*nt the "lin#ing$ And the !assing of laser lights into e e is not an advisa"le thing and more over it is not !ossi"le to im!lement while driving$ Beca*se the laser "eam is visi"le and it irritating the e e and divert the concentration$

ULTRA SONIC SENSORS

2ere we are eliminating the visi"le "eam !ro"lem$ B*t the -*estion mar# for the acc*rac remains same$ &o this is also contains increased ris# factor a"o*t the acc*rac and relia"ilit $ 2ere one more !ro"lem arises that is the *ltrasonic wave does not travel in the line of sight$ 2ence solving the reflected wave "ecomes more com!le:$

PULSE DETECTION

+rom the !ast sensors it is clear that we can=t *se an ra s or waves for detection of e e "lin#$ The one more o!tion is detecting the e e "lin# " the nerve !*lse$ If we are "lin#ing o*r e es means there will "e a !*lse !rod*ced in the nerve near the e e$ B detecting the !*lse e:ternall we can co*nt the e e "lin# as well as drowsiness$ The !*lse can "e detected e:ternall and will not ca*se an dist*r"ance and health related !ro"lems$ And in the view of acc*rac it is ver high when com!ared to other devices$

STUDY OF TOUCH SENSORS

PRESSURE VARIATION
One

method is to detect the to*ch *sing !ress*re and resistance variation$ This !rinci!le is called &train ga*ge conce!t$ In this sensor we are fi:ing the strain ga*ge and the o*t!*t is sent thro*gh the wheatstone "ridge$ The wheatstone "ridge ma#es the circ*it com!licated$

USING CAMERA

The reason for re9ection is the same as e e "lin# sensor$

SPRING TYPE S5ITCES

Another one is s!ring t !e soft switches$ 2ere the !ro"lem is the amo*nt of !ress*re given to the switch$ It ma not detect when the driving !erson hold the steering witho*t firm$ <e are *sing the I' transmitter and receiver which is o!t for o*r a!!lication since it does not re-*ire the amo*nt of !ress*re$

A&&6M(TIO)&
<e ma#e the following ass*m!tions " considering normal h*man "eing The average "lin# rate of a h*man e e is >? !er min*te d*ring driving$ If a !erson is slee! the rate red*ces to a considera"le amo*nt$ If a !erson ta#es "oth the hands from the steering wheel for more than @ seconds then he is !rone to accident and he sho*ld "e caref*l$

A)TICI(ATE% O6T(6T
If

the e e "lin# rate does not match with the !reset val*e in the microcontroller it will give alarm to the *ser immediatel so that he wa#es *! from his slee! and ta#e the necessar action accordingl $ If the driver ta#es "oth his hand from the steering wheel then the controller will alert the *ser with hel! of alarm there" !revent accidents$

EA(ECTE% &(LIT 6(
SEP
STUDY OF VARIOUS SENSORS

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

DESIGN OF APPROPRIATE SENSORS CODING THE MICRO CONTROLLER DESIGN AND TESTING

REPORT PREPERATION

'E+E'E)CE

'o*se4 ($4 BTo*ch,sensitive 9o stic#4B 'adio C Electronics <orld4 +e"$ >05@4 !$ 1/,1D$ Loomis4 J$4 Lederman4 &$4 BTact*al (erce!tion4B in 2and"oo# of (erce!tion and 2*man (erformanceE Vol$ 24 7$ Boff et al$4 eds$ >05D4 John <ile and &onsE )ew 8or#$ Cha!ter />$ Ma!es4 %$4 Moshell4 J$M$4 BA Two,2anded Interface for O"9ect Mani!*lation in Virt*al Environments4B (resence4 . (.)E !$ .?/,.>D4 >00@$ 7r*eger4 M$4 BArtificial 'ealit IFGB$ >00>4 'eading4 MAE Addison,<esle $ Media Metri: Inc$4 2ard&can 'e!ort4 >0054 !$ .$

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