INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT MASTERPLAN FOR THE CITY OF NAIROBI (NIUPLAN), 2014-2030

STAKEHOLDER MEETINGS
NAIROBI CITY COUNTY January - February 2014
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Background Urban Planning Population Urban Transport Infrastructure

 Size: 695 KM2 Population Approximately 3 million

Study area

Objective of Master Plan

To develop concepts for implementation of urban development projects for sustainable urban development and improvement of living conditions based on integrated urban development plan for Nairobi city.

 An Integrated Urban Development Master Plan for 16 years i.e. 2014-2030,

An implementation and management program,

Selected priority areas and priority projects,

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Methodology
The plan preparation process has been consultative to ensure that the participation of all stakeholders. This has been be through: Technical working groups meetings Consultative Workshops Media Website Individual Visits/submissions

Year Month

2012 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 STEP 1 i) Analysis of Current Conditions ii) Comparison with Previous Study iii) Formulation of Socio-economic

2013 7 8 9 10 11 12 1

2014 2

Study contents

STEP 2 i) Formulation of Development Visions and Structure Plan ii) Review of Sector Development Plans iii) Formulation of Sector Demand Forecast

STEP 3 i) Formulation of Mid and Long Team Action Plan ii) Formulation of Land Use Plan iii) Formulation Basic Concept of Social

Sub-contracts

Traffic Survey Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA PPP Brief

SEA

Scoping Study Detailed SEA Study

SEA (Preliminary Stakeholder Meeting SEA (Stakeholder Meetings) Reporting IC/R IT/R

PR/R

DFR

FR

Thematic Working Groups

6 TWGs were formed through consultations. They are: Land use and Human Settlements Population and Urban Economy Governance and Institutional Arrangements (capacity development) Environment Urban Infrastructure (Solid Waste management ; Storm Water and Sewerage; Telecommunication; Power Supply) Urban Transport ( Road, Rail, Air)
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Why Master Plan

Urban development of the Nairobi has not had a broad guiding spatial framework. The Nairobi Metropolitan Growth Strategy prepared in 1973 had a planning timeframe of up to the year 2000. The Nairobi Metropolitan Growth Strategy was not fully implemented. Many government departments and agencies developed sector plans to address their individual issues. Some include:
Master Plan Study for Urban Transport in Nairobi (2005),Nairobi Metro 2030 Strategy (2008),Nairobi Mass Rapid Transit Study (2011), Water Supply and Sewerage Plan (1998, 2012)
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Major Urban Challenges

Uncontrolled urban development Insufficient infrastructure Poor living conditions Inadequate social facilities Transport problems Inadequate coordination between relevant organizations, etc. Influx of population, High demand for Mid-low income housings,
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Urban Economy
Development Direction for Nairobi 2030
Industry is identified as main engine for economic development and Generating of sustainable employment

Priority sectors
1. Construction-related development businesses (construction, consulting, planning, design, infrastructure provision and operation, low cost housing, etc.) 2. Social development businesses (education, health, etc.) 3. Professional, scientific and technical businesses 4. Tourism businesses 5. Wholesale and retail trade 6. ICT businesses 7. Financial businesses 8. Transportation and logistics businesses

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Population frame2030
Nairobi Metropolitan Development Scenario. In this scenario, the population forecast for 2030 of Spatial Planning Concept for Nairobi Metropolitan Region. The City population is projected to be 5,212,500 by the year 2030 at a 4.3% growth rate annually.

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CITY STRUCTURE

City Structure before 1973 M/P is CBD former depot for railway Western highland for the Westerners Northern area for Indian workers Eastern area for Kenyan workers Farm land in the north and west

Before 1973 M/P

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CITY STRUCTURE

After 1973 M/P

14 1973 M/P forecast for 2000 city wide urbanization In addition, urbanization beyond city border towards Thika and to the northwest.
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POPULATION

High growth areas in the east, south and west Also along Thika Highway

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Population Growth

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POPULATION DENSITY

Hectar

High-low mix in the city High density in the east and northeast

Population Density

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POPULATION DENSITY

Low Density

High Density

Medium Density

Population Density (Nairobi City)

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 West: low density residential area

DEVELOPMENT TREND

Detached single houses change to apartments,offices

East: middle/high density residential area

Urbanization is expanding to east Development guideline does not match development needs
Agricultural area in suburb

Shifting to residential use. Not enough infrastructure (sprawl)

Slum

Expanding to east along rivers and to row of road and railway

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Urban condition
5 p/ha Karen, Muthaiga

Population density & development pattern

20 p/ha Lavinton 30 p/ha Kilimani

70 p/ha Highridge

100 p/ha Kangemi

300 p/ha Kwangware

500 p/ha Eastleagh

700 p/ha Kibera

1,200 p/ha Mathare

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Urban condition - CHANGE IN LAND USE

Kilimani

2012 2003

Argwing Khodhek Rd.

Individual houses to apartments

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Urban condition
2003
Thika Rd.

Land use change

KasaraniDandora area 2012

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Urban Planning
Development Vision and Structure Plan
Central Business District (CBD) Development

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Development vision
Kenya Vision 2030
A globally competitive an prosperous nation with a high quality of life by 2030

Nairobi Metropolitan 2030 Vision

To be a world class African metropolis, supportive of the overall national agenda articulated in Kenya Vision 2030
(e.g.) A world class working environment, A world class living environment, A world class business environment, World class metropolitan governance

Metropolitan Area
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Development Vision for Nairobi Ideas

Discussion on Vision of Nairobi by NCC

Key Words World class, Attractive, Sustainable, Competitive, Liveable Citys Future Image Balance of nature and humanity to achieve a world class city City of champions (long distance athletes)-world class stadiums and sports facilities SAFARI city through addressing related facilities. City in the Sun-City of Jua Kali (informal sector) where residents work under the sun Pillars in the Vision Economic, Political, Governance, Socio-cultural, Environment
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Development Vision for Nairobi in 2030

Economy Environment
Globally-attractive: Balanced economic growth (geographical and sectoral), and equal economic opportunities through well-planned mixed land use and urban structure. Regional Integration: Strong linkages between commercial centres with efficient transport system, linkages between land uses, and economic linkages with neighbouring regions. Sustainability: Sufficient job opportunities, creating a balance between the economy and the environment.
Globally-attractive: Vast green spaces, good air quality, efficient land use, and well-planned urban structure. Regional Integration: Convenient urban transport, balanced and coordinated urban growth (such as development of green belts) and sustainable resource management. Sustainability: Enhanced green space conservation, effective solid waste management, and sustainable resource usage.

Governance
Globally-attractive: Effective participatory management, open to stakeholders, and accountable and transparent urban management. Regional Integration: Efficient service provision by NCC and coordination with neighbouring counties (infrastructure, resources). Sustainability: Proper urban management, urban management policy, and city management structure.

Social Culture
Globally-attractive: Secured social services, sound urban management (sub-centre, land use and economy), and safe travel and tourism. Regional Integration: Preservation of heritage and historical assets. Sustainability: Social services, tourism, sub-centre development, and cultural identity preservation and promotion.
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Typical Models of City Structure

CBD

CBD

CBD

Mono core Current

Development of self contained sub-centres

Development of minor settlements along transport corridors connecting 2 centres

CBD

CBD

: Nairobi City Boundary

Development of settlements along corridor and ring.

: Greater Nairobi

Development of 2 level of corridor within Nairobi city and greater Nairobi

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Proposals on Urban Planning -CBD Development

Proposed Development Vision for CBD

Compact urban centre that is creative, livable, green, efficient, competitive and inclusive

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CBD Development
Challenge

Development Plan
Lack of road connectivity Existence of low-utilized lands Inefficient land use (Bus terminals, high-dense small plots)

Development proposal
Provide for integrated road network Enhancement of transport system Proposal of new land use plan suitable to current urban condition
Road Network Plan
Existing network Proposed roads Educational Mixed Use of RC Residential Mixed Use of CI Mixed Use of CI

Land Use Plan

Mixed Use of RC Recreational

Residential Educational

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Urban Transport

1. Progress of the Study 2. Traffic Survey Results and Analysis 3. Methodology of Future Demand Forecast 4. Transport Network

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Transport Sector Issues of Concern

1. Chronic State of Traffic Congestion
Compared with the traffic condition in 2004, traffic congestion has worsened over the time in extent and area. Since the growth in population as well as sharp increase in car ownership is inevitable in future, quick fix type of measures will not solve the problem fundamentally.

2. Radial Network System

The network system in Nairobi is mainly composed of a radial pattern focusing to the CBD as its centre. Moreover most essential radial roads also function as the international transport axes

3. Increase in Incoming vehicles to Nairobi

Traffic flow into Nairobi City area will also grow rapidly. Most of incoming traffic seems to have a destination in the city centre area.

4. Inefficient Public Transport

A large number of passengers awaiting bus or matatu are observed in the peak hours, but facilities such as bus stops are inappropriate and the time table is seldom prepared. In some areas, the quality of public transport services is insufficient, which causes an extensive use of private vehicles.
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Transport sector issues of concern

5.Inefficient Traffic Management

Evidently manual traffic control by a police officers is not efficient to achieve the maximum capacity of intersections. Introduction of system control of signals is necessary immediately.

6.Poor Non Motorised Transport(NMT) Provision

While pedestrian crossings and pedestrian signals are not sufficiently installed in Nairobi, NMT especially pedestrians are exposed to danger as the traffic volume increases. In the current condition, women, children and persons with disability will have difficulty of travel not only in the city centre but also in suburban area.

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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Summary of Traffic Survey

No.
1

Type of Survey
Person Trip Survey

Method and Survey Volume

Household interview: 10,000 households

Cordon Line Survey

Roadside interview: 14 points (12hr) Roadside traffic counts: 10 points (12hr) Roadside traffic counts: 4 points (24hr) Vehicle type: 8 types including pedestrian
Roadside traffic counts: 10 points (12hr) Roadside traffic counts: 5 points (24hr) Vehicle type: 8types including pedestrian Roadside traffic counts: 30 points (12hr) Intersection traffic counts: 20 intersections (12hr) Interview to 1,500 passengers at major terminals in Nairobi city centre Survey route: 15 arterial routes Three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening) Number of samples: 2,000 Interview to household members at the person trip survey
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Screen Line Survey

4 5 6 7

Traffic Counts Survey Public Transport User Survey Vehicle Speed Survey Stated Preference Survey

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Cordon Line Survey Results

250,000 204,675

120,000 101,750

100,000
80,000 60,000 64,910 41,900 34,926 21,355 20,000 8,052 815 5,379 17,755 11,187 13,863 3,879 2004 2013

200,000

150,000 121,096 Total 24hr Vehicles

40,000

100,000

50,000

Matatu

Light Truck

Private Car

0 2004 2013

Comparison of Total traffic with 2004 Survey (24hrs)

Comparison of Number of vehicles by Type with 2004 Survey

Compared with 2004 traffic survey, total traffic increased by 1.69 times in 2013 (almost doubled)

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle

Large Bus

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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Screen Line Survey Results

450,000
400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 251,728 418,885 300,000
253,298

250,000
200,000 150,000
147,387

Total 24hr Vehicles

100,000

67,116 71,967 20,381 2,163 32,929 10,963

2004 2013
23,900 7,827

50,000
0

100,000 50,000
0 2004 2013

16,411 16,272

Light Truck

Heavy Truck

Motorcycle

Comparison of Total traffic with 2004 Survey (24hrs)

Comparison of Number of vehicles by Type with 2004 Survey

Compared with 2004 traffic survey, total traffic increased by 1.66 times. Private car increased 106 thousand which occupies 63% of total increase. Motorcycle increased 9.4 times and light truck increased 3.0 times. Increase in private vehicles is remarkable.

Private Car

Large Bus

Matatu

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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Cordon Line Survey Results

Total traffic of all the cordon line survey points

Total traffic on A104 and A2

46,000 vehicles are passing through city area. 84,000 vehicles are coming into city area and 86,0000 vehicles are going out of city area.

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Hourly variation in 2013

Percentage

Hourly variation in 2004

Percentage

10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0
6.0 -7.0 7.0 - 8.0 8.0 - 9.0 9.0 - 10.0 10.0 - 11.0 11.0 - 12.0 12.0 - 13.0 13.0 - 14.0 14.0 - 15.0 15.0 - 16.0 16.0 - 17.0 17.0 - 18.0 18.0 - 19.0 19.0 - 20.0 20.0 - 21.0 21.0 - 22.0 22.0 - 23.0
6.0 -7.0 7.0 - 8.0 8.0 - 9.0 9.0 - 10.0 10.0 - 11.0 11.0 - 12.0

Cordon Line Survey Results

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

12.0 - 13.0
13.0 - 14.0 14.0 - 15.0 15.0 - 16.0 16.0 - 17.0 17.0 - 18.0 18.0 - 19.0 19.0 - 20.0

Hourly Variation in 2013

Hourly variation in 2004

20.0 - 21.0
21.0 - 22.0 22.0 - 23.0

23.0 - 24.0
24.0 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0

23.0 - 24.0 24.0 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 4.0 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0

To Nairobi

From Nairobi

To Nairobi

From Nairobi

Morning peak hours and evening peak hours expanded to early morning and late evening.
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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Vehicle Speed Survey Results

Vehicle speed does not slow down much on the international road (A104, A2). But vehicle speed slow down much on radial road crossing the A104 and A2. Evening Peak Hour

Morning Peak Hour

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Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Person Trip Survey Results Car Ownership

60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%
0.2% 0.2% 3.7% 1.5% 3.1% 0.0% 0.1% 4.6% 1.9% 2.3%

0.6% 2.4%

Others Truck Car/4WD Motorcycle Bicycle

41.9% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 4.6% 1.1% 2.5% 4.7% 7.4%
8.6%

2,000-4,999

5,000-9,999

-1999

10,000-14,999

15,000-19,999

20,000-29,999

30,000-39,999

40,000-49,999

50,000-99,999

2.9% 7.0%

2.9%
6.2%

2.6% 5.2%

1.9% 3.4%

4 5 Large Zone

Car Ownership Rate by Large Zone

Right: Ownership rate Left: Total number of owned car

Car Ownership Rate by Household Income

Car ownership rate increased to 0.290 from 0.233 in 2004. Ownership rate varies by large zone , and ownership rate in zone 6 (Westlands) is highest.
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100,000 -

0.1% 0.3% 7.0%

0.3% 0.1% 7.9%

165,388 180,000 180% 157,581 143,731 160,000 160% 139,117 128,399 140,000 140% 122,552 120,000 96,916 100,435 120% 100,000 100% 80,000 80% 49,296 60,000 60% 35,300 40,000 40% 20,000 20% 0 0%

17.1%

Traffic Survey Results and Analysis

Person Trip Survey Results Trip Distribution Person trip of east-west direction increased larger than north south direction. Concentration of person trip into city center will increase more.

2004

2013

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Methodology of Future Demand Forecast

Future Framework
Comparison of Increase rate of Indices
(3.500) (3.000)
(2.500) (2.000) (1.500)

Population
Number of Household

Number of Private Car Car Ownership Rate per Household

(1.000) (0.500)
(0.000) 2013 2018 2023 2030

Source: JICA Study Team (JST)

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Transport Network

Existing Road Network

Functional Class ARTERIAL OR TRUNK ARTERIAL COLLECTOR

Road Class S A B H J K L M N P

Functional Class

Alternative Descriptive Term

LOCAL

Super Highway International Major Arterial National Minor Arterial Major Arterial Highway Minor Arterial Principal Arterial Major Collector Primary Distributor Minor Collector District Distributor Major Local Shopping / Local street Non-residential access (industrial / government / commerce, Minor Local etc) Local Access Residential access

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Transport Network

Road Network proposed in 2006 M/P (NUTRANS)

Legend 2010 2015 2025 New Development Widening

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Transport Network

Progress of Road Improvement after 2006 M/P (NUTRANS)

Road development in short term plan of 2006 M/P has not been completed. Road development outside urbanized area has made progress.

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Proposed 9 corridors for Mass Rapid Transport Plans

Legend Bus Rapid Transit Light Rail Transit Metro Rail Commuter Rail Transit Hub Transit Terminal Transit Interchange
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Infrastructure Water & Sewerage

Issues for infrastructure

Infrastructure plans exist but many are not implemented due to lack of budget, poor coordination among agencies and lack of information sharing (population, land use plan)
Water supply Lack of measures for improvement of UFW (Unaccounted for Water) Old facilities (most is constructed in 1950s and 1960s) Sewerage/drainage Lack of capacity (treatment volume/quantity)

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Proposals on Infrastructure
Water Supply

Challenges Master plan of water supply for Nairobi City with the target for completion in 2035 has been prepared by AWSB supported by WB and AFD. This plan didnt consider assumption on the water loss. Development Policies The development of water supply is carried out as per the master plan. Water resources and the facilities are located outside Nairobi City. Thus, an agreement of counties on the development of water supply facilities for Nairobi City is necessary. Depending on the improvement level of the water loss, the revising the master plan of the development needs to be studied.
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Infrastructure Contd - Storm Water Drainage and Sewerage

Challenges and Development Policies
Storm Water Drainage
Nairobi River

Challenge:The development of storm water drainage in Nairobi City is likely to focus on the localized drainage network. Development policy The storm water drainage should be developed in the manner of integrating the river and localized drainage networks as a system.
Sewerage Water Challenge 1: the water quality data of the effluent from the STW indicate that the values of BOD, COD and TSS do not meet the effluent standards of Kenya. Challenge 2: A sewerage collection rate is regarded as 35% of city area. Development policy: the sewerage water system should be developed in view of above. Water Environment Capacity for environment management should be enhanced

Ruiruak River

CBD

Nairobi River and Tributaries

Sewer Sewer (Planned)

Drain Drain (Planned)

Localized Drainage Network

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Infrastructure Contd - Power Supply

Challenges The land of transmission line needs to be utilized effectively. It may be necessary to share mapping data for infrastructure management. High tariff (tariff for street lights is higher for the tariff for industry use) Need to investigate power supply capacity for railway development Development Policies Appropriate Planning for Energy Sector Development based on the Concept of Sub-Centres

Current Wide Wayleaves of Transmission Line

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Infrastructure Contd - Solid Waste Management

Challenges
Insufficient collection system and recycle system Negative effect to surrounding area because of opened dumping site Insufficient disposal management framework

Development Policies
Implementation of environmental, social, economic and technical friendly disposal management Construction of framework for related management organizations Capacity development of disposal management

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Infrastructure - Telecommunications

Telecommunication Development Concept

Challenges Local access network from local exchange is not expanded to all end users Capacity of metro trunk communication network is insufficient
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Infrastructure Contd -Telecommunications

Features
High penetration rate of mobile phone and internet Environmental concerns because of individual development of telecom infrastructure by telecom companies

Development Policies
Stable high speed telecommunication network and accessibility Network between government and telecom companies (e.g. development of common infrastructure) Improvement of regulations and laws Promotion of e-government

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58

Governance & Institutional Arrangements

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Institutions
Issues of 1973 Nairobi Strategic Plan
Recommendation has not been realized Measures for private fund promotion is not clear Capacity of Nairobi City Council (then) was not fully utilized in terms of number and skills Legal framework was not developed Lack of commitment and political will

Institutional issues
Development control: Linkage (coordination) between building control and development control is not clear for development control Urban development management: Spatial development and infrastructure development are weak Private sector promotion: private sector investment scheme and incentive is weak Public participation: public awareness/understanding of urban development is weak

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Basic Policy for Institutional Strengthening

Integrate Urban Development Master Plan for Nairobi Urban Management Mechanism
Development Control Urban (spatial) Development Projects Infrastructure management

Management support mechanism

Community Awareness Private Sector Promotion

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Strategy1 : Strengthening of Comprehensive development control mechanism development Development Control

Building Control Safety: structure, fire prevention, building equipment Rules related to zoning regulation Development Control Mechanism Technical Standard Facility requirement Development condition

Land Development Control Land use zoning regulation Building facility, floor area ratio, building coverage ratio Relation between site and roads Restriction in fire protection zone

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 Urban development schemes for CBD and sub-centre development

Land re-adjustment project, land re-development project
Key features Change and improvement of land condition, Securing necessary public space, Designation of the land re-adjustment project in urban planning, Fair and transparent legal procedure, Preservation of private land rights, Consensus building among land right holders, Fair sharing of profit and cost

Strategy 2: Facilitation of urban development schemes

Basic Model of LR
G

Land Re-plotting
G

Land Contribution Before

D C I G J H A Reserve Land
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After
K B E D C F G H Road I J K Park

B
A E

Strategy 3: Infrastructure development management mechanism

Coordination management
Streamline approvals for utilities according to a common system Enforce the current two-year infrastructure audit requirement Manage the costs of maintaining infrastructure by cost sharing among users Agree on affordable charges for infrastructure provision Ensure quality control and reinstatements

Information sharing
Policies for data base management by GIS
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Strategy 4: Private sector promotion scheme

Development control: For effective execution of development control, private sector including developers has to understand the rule. Control mechanism proposed in (i) above has to be disseminated to developers for understanding of the rule. Urban development: A PPP framework is often used for urban development. Regulation for private sector development promotion including an incentive for development, clear definition of the government role in supporting private sector development has to be developed
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Strategy 5: Information dissemination scheme

Master Plan, control measures and development mechanism Website management Civil education to promote awareness on urban development management rules

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Thank you

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