A PROJECT REPORT ON

2013 Guide By : Mr. Divya Vishnoi Submitted By : Rajkumar Meena (09EVVCE040) Pawan Kumar Meena (09EVVCE033) Hanumat Singh (09EVVCE017) Abhishek Meena (09EVVCE002)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(EAST) JAIPUR RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION:Ground Improvement refers to to a technique that improves the engineering properties of the soil mass treated. Usually the properties that are modified are shear strength, stiffness, density, compressibility and permeability. This can be done by reducing the pore water pressure, by reducing the volume of voids in the soil, or by adding strong materials. However, for ground improvement, combination of binder and water are essential, because this can break up the soil and harden the ground. Thus, with the help of this technique you can turn any soil for construction.

GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES:

DYNAMIC COMPACTION MECHANICAL COMPACTION VIBRO COMPACTION PRELOADING HEATING VIBRO-REPLACEMENT METHOD GROUTING SOIL STABILIZATION

SOIL COMPACTION:Soil compaction is the process in which a stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. METHODS:1. 2. 3. 4. Static Impact Vibrating Rolling

SOIL STABILIZATION:DEFINITION:
Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase the stability of a soil mass and improve its engineering properties. CONCEPT: Modification of soil structure and the reduction of the moisture content of cohesive soils lead to a considerable improvement in bearing capacity. Modification of soil structure is the concept of soil stabilization.

SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE

1. PHYSICAL a. Compaction b. Altering size distribution c. Drying 2. PHYSIO-CHEMICAL a. Cement b. lime

SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION:Cement stabilization is done by mixing pulverized soil and port land cement with water and compacting the mixture to attain a storage material. FACTOR AFFECTING THE SOIL CEMENT STABILIZATION:1. Type of soil 2. Quantity of cement 3. Quantity of water 4. Mixing , compaction and curing 5. Admixture

SOIL LIME STABILIZATION:Lime stabilization is done by adding lime to soil. It is useful for stabilization of clayey soils. APPLICATION:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To support light structure. To control differential settlement. To reduce total settlement. To improve stability of slope. To reduce lateral earth pressure.

BENEFITS:1. Improves the strength and durability

2. Stabilisation of sub-grade to increase CBR 3. Reductions in bulk dig quantities 4. This technique is a cost effective alternative to importing aggregates for both temporary and permanent works.

TEST :PROCTOR TEST :The proctor test is used to determine the optimum moisture content in soil.

The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density.

SOIL COMPACTED WITH CEMENT:The 10% amount of cement by weight of soil is taken and mixed with soil to find the optimum moisture content .

RESULT:-

The optimum moisture content of compacted soil with cement is 11.1%.

SOIL COMPACTED WIYH LIME:The 10% amount of cement by weight of soil is taken and mixed with soil to find the optimum moisture content

RESULT:The optimum moisture content of compacted soil with cement is 11.3%.

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST:The California bearing ratio test is penetration test meant for the evaluation of subgrade strength of roads and pavement. The results obtained by these test are used with the empirical curves to determine the thickness of pavement and its component layers.

SOIL+CEMENT:The optimum moisture content of soil compacted with cement is 11.1%

RESULT:The penetration value of compacted soil with cement is 257.9%

Soil + lime:The optimum moisture content of soil compacted with cement is

11.1%

RESULT:The penetration value of compacted soil with lime is 5.54%.

CONCLUSION:After 72 hours the expansion ratio of compacted soil with cement is 0.0171 and the expansion ratio of soil with lime is 0.171. Here is the expansion of compacted soil with lime is 10 times greater than compacted soil with cement. According to observation and calculation it is found that the soil compacted with cement is much better than the soil with lime as cost wise and improves the characteristics of soil. It increases the shear strength and decrease the compressibility of soil so that the bearing capacity of soil is increased and the compressibility is decreased.

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