Presented by Tushar & Suhail

HAND PICKING
When the visible unwanted particles are removed by hand, the process is called hand picking.

SIEVING Separating the particles of different sizes by using a sieve is called sieving.

WINNOWING
The process of separating husk from grain by the by farmers, is called winnowing.

MAGNETIC SEPARATING

This method is employed for for such mixtures where one of the components is magnetic in nature i.e., it consists of iron, steel, cobalt, nickel or their compounds.

SUBLIMATION The process in which a solid directly changes to vapour state on heating is called sublimation.

SEDIMENTATION

The process in which a suspension of insoluble fine particles suspended in a liquid are allowed to stand undisturbed, such that solid particles, settle down, leaving the clear liquid above is called sedimentation

LOADING [or] COAGULATION

The process by which small insoluble suspended particles in a solution are made heavier in order to increase the rate of sedimentation of particles is called loading.

DECANTATION The process of pouring out the clear supernatant liquid above the sediment, thus helping the separation of solid particles from liquid is called decantation.

FILTRATION The process of separation of insoluble solid constituents of a mixture from its liquid constituents by passing it through some porous material is called filtration.

EVAPORATION

This method is used to separate solids dissolved in a liquid. This process is largely used to obtain common salt from sea or lake water. The process of converting a liquid into vapour by heating is called EVAPORATION.

DISTILLATION Distillation is process by which two or more liquids with different boiling points are separated by vapourization and condensation.

Commonly used Separating Techniques for Mixtures

Sl. No.
1.

Types of mixture
Solid solid (Heterogeneous) Eg:salt with sugar, Gun powder

Methods of separation
Hand picking, winnowing, sieving, magnetic separation, sublimation

2.
3.

Solid liquid (Heterogeneous) Eg: Muddy water

Solid liquid (Heterogeneous) Eg: Salt and sugar solution with water Liquid liquid (Heterogeneous) eg: Water with kerosene

Decantation, loading, filtration, centrifugation

Evaporation, distillation

4. 5.

Decantation, using a separating funnel

Liquid liquid (Heomogeneous) Distillation eg: Water with alcohol.

SEPARATION METHOD
Sl.No. 1. 2. Technique of separation Hand picking Sieving Type of Mixture Solid solid Solid solid Method of separation By hand picking particle of different sizes &colours By sieving large sized particles from smaller ones By separating lighter particles from heavier particles allowing them to fall from a height By picking out the magnetic particles from the nonmagnetic using a magnet By heating the mixture where the sublimable solid turns into vapour and solidifies on cooling Separation of Pebbles from pulses Bran from wheat flour Husk form wheat

3.

winnowing

Solid solid

4.

Magnetic

Solid solid

Iron from wheat Ammonium chloride from sodium chloride

5.

Sublimation

Solid solid

SEPARATION METHOD
Sl.No Technique of . separation 6. Sedimentation & Decantation 7. centrifugation Type of mixture Insoluble solid-liquid Insoluble solid-liquid
Insoluble solid-liquid

Method of separation
By seeting down under gravity the solid particle & decanting out the liquid By setting down under mechanical rotation the solid particles of a mixture By filtering out the insoluble solid using a filter paper or strainer.

Separation of
Sand from water

8. 9.

Filtration Evaporation

Milk from cream. Blood cells from blood Chalk from water .
Salt from sea water. impurities from water. Kerosene from water. oil from water

10. Distillation

11. Separating funnel

Soluble solid- By evaporation the liquid in the mixture leaving behind the solid liquid component Soluble solid- By distilling i.e. evaporation followed by condensation of the liquid liquid component the solid Liquid-liquid Remains behind by settling down of the heavier immiscible liquid from the lighter one

Queries