NUTRITION FOR HYPERTENSION

Anumillah Arini Zidna 111 0211 066

What is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force in the arteries when the heart beats (systolic pressure) and when the heart is at rest (diastolic pressure). It's measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. High blood pressure (or hypertension) is defined in an adult as a blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg systolic pressure or greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure.

Blood Pressure Criteria

Types of Hypertension
Essential Hypertension or Primary Hypertension Hypertension of an unknown cause, which may be the result of a combination of poor lifestyle choices and genetics. Lifestyle factors that may play a role include poor diet (high sodium, low fruit and vegetable intake), tobacco use, limited physical activity, stress, and overweight/obesity. Secondary HypertensionHypertension that arises as a result of another disease, most often associated with the endocrine system (the bodys gland system, responsible for secreting hormones). Secondary hypertension may be resolve with treatment of the underlying condition.

What to do?
Hypertension can be controlled through lifestyle changes, research has shown that modest lifestyle and dietary changes can help treat and often delay or prevent high blood pressure. Things to do:
DASH-Sodium diet and other dietary plan Weight loss Increased physical activity Limit alcohol

DASH
The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) dietary pattern is recommended by the American Heart Association, and the National Cancer Institute. The DASH diet is an overall eating plan that focuses on eating twice the average daily amount of fruits, vegetables, complex carbohydrates and low-fat dairy products. Under the DASH 2 low sodium diet, people with Stage 1 hypertension were able to lower their blood pressure as much or more than any anti-hypertensive medication had been able to decrease it.

DASH
The DASH-Sodium Diet: Emphasizes more fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy foods Contains smaller amounts of red meat, total and saturated fat, cholesterol and sugar Higher in potassium, magnesium, and calcium Includes whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts Limits sodium

DASH
In the DASH-Sodium Diet study, blood pressure reduction was Achieved within 2 weeks of starting the DASHSodium Diet Greater in patients with hypertension and less in normotensive patients Occurred in all groups studied, i.e., men, women, African Americans and elderly

Other Dietary Plan

Low sodium dietA decrease in sodium (a major component of salt) is associated with a decrease in blood pressure. The current Dietary Guidelines recommend consuming no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day. What patients need to know about sodium in foods : Limiting use of the salt shaker is unlikely to lower sodium intake enough

Other Dietary Plan

Potassium, calcium, and magnesium
Potassium works with sodium to regulate the bodys water balance. Research shows that a high potassiumto-sodium ratio is associated with a greater likelihood that normal blood pressure will be maintained. The recommended intake of potassium for adults is 4.7 grams/day. Potassium rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, root vegetables like potatoes and carrots, and fruit, should be eaten everyday An increased intake of calcium and magnesium may have blood pressure lowering benefits, especially if achieved through the DASH dietary pattern.

Weight Loss
A 10 kg (approximate 20 lb) weight loss will produce a 5-20 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure and will likely reduce the severity of other CVD risk factors.

Increased Physical Activity

Long-term goalAccumulate at least 30 minutes or more of moderate intensity physical activity on most, and preferably all, days of the week. Caloric expenditure will vary with intensity of the activity and body weight. Obese individuals may achieve a moderate intensity at lower levels due to the work load of excess weight and low cardiorespiratory fitness.

Increased Physical Activity

An hour a day is necessary for significant weight loss but is unrealistic for many patients. A more realistic goal for physically unfit patents is to start with 10 minutes every other day and increase to 30-45 minutes on most, and preferably all, days to expend 100-200 calories. Limit sedentary screen time (TV, computer) to <2 hours/day.

Limit Alcohol
Limit to not >1 drink/day for women or not >2 drinks/day for men. Alcohol intake exceeding these levels contributes to high blood pressure and elevated triglycerides, and is not cardioprotective. Alcoholic beverages can be a hidden source of calories (alcohol=7 calories/gram) and contribute to excess body weight.