The Philippine Revolution had its

underlying and immediate causes:

Abuses of the officials (government and
clergy)
Failures of the government to grant reforms
Persecution of the leaders who defended the
oppressed
Racial prejudice and discrimination AGAINST
our people.
The desire to regain lost freedom
Discovery and Cry…
The Katipunan was finally discovered on
August 19, 1896. Teodoro Patino, a member
of the Katipunan betrayed the secrecy to Fr.
Mariano Gil, on the basis of that information,
Spanish authorities acted immediately.
After the discovery, Bonifacio and Katipuneros
from Manila had to elude the dragnet of the
Spanish law and they fled to Caloocan.
Cont.

On August 26, 1896, Bonifacio rallied the

Katipuneros to an emergency meeting at
Pugad Lawin. He informed them of the
urgency to start the revolution in the view of
the discovery of the secret.
He took out their Cedulas, tore it to piece and
shouted “long live the Philippines”.
Following his examples, the Katipuneros tore
also their cedulas, echoing the cry.
Events

Spanish cazadores started making hundreds

of arrest. Many died of suffocation from
detention camps at Fort Santiago.
Bonifacio led an attack a polverin in San Juan
on August 30, 1896. this I n known as the
Battle of Pinaglabanan. Due to casualties,
Bonifacio retreated to Balara.
A day earlier, Melchora Aquino was arrested
at Pasong Putik, Novaliches.
Events

August 30, Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco issued a

state of war on Manila and 7 provinces;
Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac and palced
them under Martial Law.
Pardoned for the Katipuneros who will
surrender within 48 hours.
Katipuneros subjected them to torture to
make them squeal matters about the
revolution.
Events

After the battle in San Juan, Bonifacio, Jacinto,

Sakay and others went to Mariquina, San
Mateo and Montalban to set up camps.
Series of execution begun. Blanco
inaugurated the reign of terror in the belief
that this would stop the rebellion.
Sept. 4, 4 were executed at Bagumbayan,
Sept 12, 13 martyrs of Cavite were executed,
they are remembered as “Los Trece Martires”.
 Meanwhile, Rizal was arrested while on his
way to Cuba to serve as doctor for the Spanish
army. On Nov. 20, Rizal appeared before Col.
Francisco Olive to answer charges against him.
Dec 26, the litigation of Rizal took place before the
military court. Two days later, Gov. Camilo
Polavieja approved the verdict. Convicted of
sedition, rebellion and illicit associations, Rizal was
executed by firing squad at Bagumbayan on Dec.
30, 1896 at 7:30am. 8 Filipino soldiers and 8
Spanish soldiers carried out the execution.
Such incidents involving detention,
deportation, and execution only made
the Filipinos more unrelenting to the
Spanish government. The more they
became determined to continue the
struggle.
I would like to thank and acknowledge
Prof. Aldrin Gueverra
for making this PPT