Mobile Communications

Chapter 11 : Outlook
The future of mobile and wireless networks –
Is it 4G? All IP? Licensed? Public? Private?

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.1

 Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected

UMTS, GSM LAN

LAN, WLAN GSM 53 kbit/s 115 kbit/s 100 Mbit/s,
780 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s WLAN
54 Mbit/s

UMTS,
DECT
2 Mbit/s

GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,

WLAN 780 kbit/s
UMTS, GSM
GSM 115 kbit/s,
384 kbit/s
WLAN 11 Mbit/s

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.2

 Wireless systems: overview of the development
cordless wireless LAN
cellular phones satellites
phones
1980:
1981: CT0
NMT 450 1982:
1983: Inmarsat-A
AMPS 1984:
CT1
1986:
NMT 900 1987:
1988: CT1+
Inmarsat-C
1989:
CT 2
1991: 1991: 1991:
1992: CDMA D-AMPS 1992: DECT 199x:
GSM Inmarsat-B proprietary
1993:
Inmarsat-M
PDC
1994: 1997:
DCS 1800 IEEE 802.11
1998:
Iridium 1999:
802.11b, Bluetooth

2000: 2000:
analogue GPRS IEEE 802.11a
2001:
IMT-2000
digital
200?:
Fourth Generation
(Internet based)
4G – fourth generation: when and how?

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.3

 Overlay Networks - the global goal

integration of heterogeneous fixed and

mobile networks with varying
transmission characteristics

regional

vertical
handover
metropolitan area

campus-based horizontal
handover

in-car,
in-house,
personal area

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.4

 Wireless access technologies

DAB

250
FDD
physical/
relative speed [km/h]

GSM, TETRA

100 economic border

UMTS
EDGE

50
TDD
5 DECT 802.11b HiperLAN2,
802.11a/.11g
Bluetooth
0 Point-to-multipoint distribution systems

10 kbit/s 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s bandwidth 150 Mbit/s

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.5

 Key features of future mobile and wireless networks

Improved radio technology and antennas

 smart antennas, beam forming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
 space division multiplex to increase capacity, benefit from multipath
 software defined radios (SDR)
 use of different air interfaces, download new modulation/coding/...
 requires a lot of processing power (UMTS RF 10000 GIPS)
 dynamic spectrum allocation
 spectrum on demand results in higher overall capacity
Core network convergence
 IP-based, quality of service, mobile IP
Ad-hoc technologies
 spontaneous communication, power saving, redundancy
Simple and open service platform
 intelligence at the edge, not in the network (as with IN)
 more service providers, not network operators only

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.6

 Example IP-based 4G/Next G/… network

SS7 signalling
server farm,
gateways, proxies broadcast
PSTN, CS core
gateways

MSC
IP-based
firewall, GGSN,
core
gateway
SGSN
BSC router
GSM
Internet

access
points private
private WLAN
WPAN
RNC

UMTS
public
WLAN

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.7

 Potential problems

Quality of service
 Today‘s Internet is best-effort
 Integrated services did not work out
 Differentiated service have to prove scalability and manageability
 What about the simplicity of the Internet? DoS attacks on QoS?

Internet protocols are well known…

 …also to attackers, hackers, intruders
 security by obscurity does not really work, however, closed systems provide some
protection
Reliability, maintenance
 Open question if Internet technology is really cheaper as soon as high reliability
(99.9999%) is required plus all features are integrated
Missing charging models
 Charging by technical parameters (volume, time) is not reasonable
 Pay-per-application may make much more sense

Killer application? There is no single killer application!

 Choice of services and seamless access to networks determine the success

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.8

 Have fun with mobile communications!

This is the end of the slide set – but there

is so much more to say about mobile
communications!

Thanks for following so far and enjoy

digging into the fascinating wireless and
mobile world!

Jochen Schiller, Berlin/Germany, 2005

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS05 11.9