Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MEANING OF INTERPRETATION
Interpretation means to bring out the meaning of data or we can say that interpretation is to convert data into information.
Interpretation
from the collected facts after an analytical and/or experimental study. In fact, it is a search for broader meaning of research findings.
The effort to establish continuity in research through linking the results of a given study with those of another.
(ii) Interpretation
seem to explain what has been observed by researcher in the course of the study can be better understood and it also provides a theoretical conception which can serve as a
WHY INTERPRETATION?
It is being considered a basic component of research process because of the following reasons:
Through
Researcher
can
better
appreciate
only
through
interpretation why his findings are what they are and can make others to understand the real significance of his research findings.
Interpretation
Interpretation leads to the establishment of explanatory concepts that can serve as a guide for future research
studies.
TECHNIQUE
Technique of Interpretation involves following steps:
Researcher
relations which he has found and must try to find out the thread of uniformity that lies under the surface layer
Before
someone having insight into the study and who is frank and honest and will not hesitate to point out the omissions and errors in logical argumentation.
Researcher
only after considering all relevant factors affecting the problem to avoid false generalization.
PRECAUTIONS IN INTERPRETATION
Researcher must pay attention to the following points for correct Interpretation:
At
(a) the data are appropriate, trustworthy and adequate for drawing inferences (b) the data reflect good homogeneity
The
Interpretation is very much intertwined with analysis and cannot be distinctly separated.
Broad
research is not amenable to it because the coverage may be restricted to a particular time, a particular area and particular conditions.
10
11
CORRELATION
Correlation
variables.
Provides
Does there exist association or correlation between the two (or more) variables? If yes, of what degree?
Measures
the relationship.
12
Bivariate
13
14
60 50 40 Accidents 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Hours of Training
15
4.00 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50
GPA
16
17
18
19
Absences X
Final Grade Y
Final Grade
95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45
x 8 2 5 12 15 9 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 Absences X 12 14 16
y 78 92 90 58 43 74 81
20
21
REGRESSION
Regression
22
The
The
The
y-intercept is:
23
24
25
26
27
The correlation coefficient of number of times absent and final grade is r = 0.975. The coefficient of determination is r2 = ( 0.975)2 = 0.9506.
28
Interpretation: About
95% of the variation in final grades can be explained by the number of times a student is absent. The other 5% is unexplained and can be due to sampling error or other variables such as intelligence, amount of time studied, etc.
29
REFERENCES
William H. Kruskal and Tanur. Judith M. ed. (1978), "Linear Hypotheses," International Encyclopedia of Statistics. Free Press, v. 1 Williams. Evan J. "I. Regression," pp. 52341. Stanley. Julian C. "II. Analysis of Variance," pp. 541554. D.V. Lindley, (1987). "Regression and correlation analysis," New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 4, pp. 12023. Birkes.David and Dodge, Y., Alternative Methods of Regression. ISBN 0-471-56881-3 Chatfield, C. (1993) "Calculating Interval Forecasts," Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 11. pp. 121135. Draper, N.R.; Smith, H. (1998). Applied Regression Analysis (3rd ed.). John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-17082-8. Fox, J. (1997). Applied Regression Analysis, Linear Models and Related Methods. Sage Kothari.C.R, Research Methodology Methods and Techniques.
30
31
THANKYOU