National Workshop on CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAICS AN EMERGING ENERGY RESEARCH R.M.K.

Engineering College Kavraipettai 601 206 Tamil Nadu 19-20th December 2013 Dr. A. Jagadeesh Head R & D Centre for Energy and Sustainable Resources R.M.K. Engineering College KAVARAIPETTAI 601 206 Tamil Nadu E-mail: anumakonda.jagadeesh@gmail.com

Energy from the Sun About half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface. The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) (1015 watts) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

Yearly Solar fluxes & Human Energy Consumption The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) (1018 joules) per year. (70% of incoming sunlight) (1 Joule = energy required to heat one gram of dry, cool air by 1 C) Primary energy use (2005) 487 EJ (0.0126%) Electricity (2005) 56.7 EJ (0.0015%) Therefore a good target 2002, more energy in one hour than the world used in the year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined. As intermittent resources, solar and wind raise issues.

Solar Cells Background 1839 - French physicist A. E. Becquerel first recognized the photovoltaic effect. Photo+voltaic = convert light to electricity 1883 - first solar cell built, by Charles Fritts, coated semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of gold to form the junctions. 1954 - Bell Laboratories, experimenting with semiconductors, accidentally found that silicon doped with certain impurities was very sensitive to light. Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson, invented the first practical device for converting sunlight into useful electrical power. Resulted in the production of the first practical solar cells with a sunlight energy conversion efficiency of around 6%. 1958 - First spacecraft to use solar panels was US satellite Vanguard 1

PV Solar for Electricity Photovoltaic's For the 2 billion people without access to electricity, it would be cheaper to install solar panels than to extend the electrical grid. (The Fund for Renewable Energy Everywhere) Providing power for villages in developing countries is a fastgrowing market for photovoltaics. The United Nations estimates that more than 2 million villages worldwide are without electric power for water supply, refrigeration, lighting, and other basic needs. A one kilowatt PV system* each month: Prevents 150 lbs. of coal from being mined Prevents 300 lbs. of CO2 from entering the atmosphere Keeps 105 gallons of water from being consumed Keeps NO and SO2 from being released into the environment

Morphology of solar cells

... a house, but also with very large systems that then is connected via a ...

Solar Street Lights

Hybrid Solar and Wind

Solar Lights

Solar Reading Lamps

Solar Cap

Solar Safety Helmet

Solar Fan

Solar Key Chain Mobile Charger

Solar key ring

Amorphous Solar Panel Torch Lights

Solar Cars

Solar Boat

Concentrated Solar Power

Is it a Bird, Is it a Plane? No, it's the new Com-Bat Solar Powered Spy ...

SOLAR TOWER POWER PLANT Solar Two in Barstow, California,

At Abengoa Solar's facility in Spain, mirrors heat a liquid in a tower, ...

Tower of Power

Over 4,400 solar PV panels will span the bridge

Solar Pump

Put the SUN to WORK: To get inexhaustible,pollution-free energy which cannot be misused