Microorganisms and Their Effects on Living Things

1.1 The Classification of Microorganisms

Microorganisms

are tiny organisms which can only be seen under a microscope. characteristics include their appearance, shape, size, method of reproduction, nutrition and habitat

The

Virus

Algae
Microorganisms

Protozoa

Bacteria

Fungi

VIRUSES
Viruses

are the smallest microorganisms Structure: consist of strands of nuclei acid (DNA) They are 2 types of shape:

Helical Polyhedral

 Viruses They

do not make their own food.

obtain food from animals, plants and some bacteria are parasites

They They

attached to host cell.

Bacteria
Microscopic

everywhere Simplest single-celled organisms Bacteria are surrounded by tough cell wall Cell wall support the cell and maintains its shape

organisms that can be found

 Bacteria

have hundreds of pilli Pilli enable bacteria to stick to certain surfaces Some bacteria also have a tail called flagellum that help them to remove Shapes of bacteria

Spherical: cocci
Long

chain: streptococci Bunches of grapes: staphylococci

Comma shape: vibrios Spiral shape: spirilla

Some

bacteria carry out photosynthesis, some live as parasites and some live as saprotrophs asexually:

Reproduce

Binary fission budding

Fungi
Various

sizes Plant that do not have chlorophyll Various shapes such as filament and sphere Reproduce through:

budding yeast Spore formation - mucor

 Live
Can

as parasite or saprophytes
be found in dark and damp places

Protozoa
Various

sizes ad shapes Unicellular animals Reproduce through binary fission Live as :

saprophytes : Amoeba and Paramecium Parasites : Plasmodium

Can

be found in fresh water and damp places

Algae
Various

sizes and shapes Unicellular or multicellular Reproduce through binary fission Live as autotrophs Can be found in damp areas that receive sunlight

Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms

Nutrition

Temperature
Humidity Light pH

Useful microorganisms
Digestion animals food Making antibiotics Use of microorgansm Making bread

Making chees

Purifying water

Disease caused by bacteria

Tuberculosis

Cholera
Gonorrhea syphilis

Tuberculosis

Cholera

Caused by bacilli bacteria Affect other organ such as lymph nodes, bones and joints Symptoms: chest pain, fever, sweating at night, weight loss

Caused by vibrios bacteria Transmitted by water or food that has been contaminated with the faeces Symptoms: diarrhoea, vomitting and fatigue

Gonorrhea

Syphilis
Sexual

Sexual transmitted disease caused by cocci bacteria (in 1 to 14 days after infection) burning sensation when urinating accompanied by some discharge

transmitted disease caused by spirilla bacteria Red pimples, rashes, fever, headache, hair loss.

Disease caused by viruses

Common

cold Dengue fever Hepatitis AIDS

Common cold
Caused

Dengue fever
Caused

by viral infection of the mucous membrane, air passage or lungs. May spread to the ears, sinuses and eyes Spread to the lung that cause bronchitis and pneumonia

by distinct virus carried by mosquitoes Causes fever, efes aches, pain in the muscle and joints Sometime causes very low blood pressure and weak pulse

AIDS
Caused

Hepatitis
Disease

viruses Symptoms: tiredness, fever, loss of appetite and weight Infected by pneumonia, tuberculosis, Kaposis sarcoma

by HIV

of the liver Caused by alcohol and drugs Symptoms: urine become dark, jaundice. Live failed to function

Disease caused by fungi

Tinea

Ringworm

Tinea
White

Ringworm
Red

spot on facial, body, hand and feet

area on the body Skin become red and scaly

Disease caused by protozoa

Malaria

Caused by Plasmodium Transmitted by female Anopheles mospuito Fever with reach 410C Attack in 2 or more hours Symptoms: headache, muscle pain, nausea and feeling chill