Malnutrition

Can you explain the picture??

Nigerian Children Suffering from Malnutrition

Malnourished Child

What is Malnutrition??? Malnutrition is a result of a dietary condition when a person eat less or more than what
the body require.

Lack of Protein

Marasmus
kwashiorkor
Stomach bloated, growth of body and brain retarded, no appetite for food, weak body.

Very thin, wrinkled skin

Lack of Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus Rickets (children)

Stunted growth of bones and teeth, weak bones

Lack of Vitamin B12, Ferum

Anemia
People with anemia do not have enough red blood cells to adequately supply body tissues with oxygen

Lack of Vitamin C

Scurvy

Swollen, Bleeding gums, tooth loss.

Lack of Calcium
0steoporosis (aged adults:
Brittle bones which are easily broken

Lack of Vitamin B1

Beri-beri : Swollen legs and ankles,numness in hands, muscular pain and cramps, fatigue, loss of appetiate.

Lack of Vitamin A

Night blindness Poor night vision

Xerophthalmia: Cornea dry and opaque

Lack of Vitamin B3

Pellagra

Dermatitis (skin becomes red and inflamed), diarrhoea and mental disorder

Lack of Iodine

Cretinism ( children):
Physical and mental are easily broken

Goiter ( adult) :
Enlarged thyroid glands

Lack of Sodium

Muscular cramps
Sudden and painful contraction of muscles

Nutrient Protein Vitamin A

Effect of deficiency kwashiorkor Night blindness Xerophthalmia

Vitamin B1 Beri-beri

Vitamin B3 Pellagra

Vitamin B12 ,Iron

Anaemia

Vitamin C
Vitamin D Calcium Iodine

Scurvy
Ricket (children) Osteoporosis (aged adults) Goitre (adults) Cretinism(children)

Sodium

Muscular cramps

Obesity
Excessive of Carbohydrates and lipid

Obesity which may lead to high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, cancer

Dental caries

Taking too much sugar can lead to what disease?

Diabetes

mellitus The presence of excess glucose raise the blood glucose level The body does not have sufficient insulin to convert excess glucose to glycogen.

Liver damage
Excessive Vitamin A Hair loss, joint pain, loss of appetite.

High dose of vitamin D

Overload

of calcium in blood and widespread of calcification of soft tissues.

What happened if we put a lot of salt in our food?

Excessive of sodium
Can

also cause high blood pressure, factor contribute to heart attack and stroke.

Kidney damaged
The kidney are forced to work harder to remove the excess sodium chloride from the body and thid can lead to kidney damage.

Atherosclerosis

CORONARY ARTHEROSCLEROSIS

Atherosclerosis
The

narrowing of arteries due to saturated fats and cholesterol deposited on the inner walls of arteries, thereby reducing the flow of blood and may eventually cause blockage in artery.

Excessive of Protein

Uric acid crystalises

and forms stones

Gout : Excessive uric acid

deposits on the joint pain

in the kidney.

Effect of Excessive Intake

Nutrient Effect of excessive

Carbohydrates (sugar) Lipids

Protein

Obesity
Atherosclerosis gout Stored in the kidney- damage the kidney

water lipids

fiber

protein

carbohydrate

vitamin

mineral

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin B1

Vitamin C

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B5

Vitamin B1

Vitamin D

Vitamin VitaminD K

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin B3

Vitamin D

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B5

Vitamin B1

Vitamin C

Vitamin Vitamin B3 B3

Magnesium

Vitamin SulphurB6

Iron

Potassium

Iodine

Sodium

Calcium

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin B1

Vitamin C

Vitamin B3

Protein

Carbohydrate

Lipids

Fiber

Vitamin

Water

Mineral

Nutrient Vitamin A

Effect of excessive
Liver damage

Minerals a) Sodium
b) Calcium

High blood pressure Kidney damage

Atherosclerosis

VITAMIN B2

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN B5

VITAMIN B1

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN B12 & FERUM

VITAMIN C

Discussion Time

How to reduce the risk of getting

1.
2. 3.

High blood pressure

Diabetes mellitus Osteoporosis

Diet-related diseases
1.

High blood pressure

Excessive intake saturated fats, cholesterol and calcium Deposited on the inner walls of arteries

Prevent high blood pressure

Reduce the intake of food which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol Exercise frequently Reduce the intake of salts in food, as well as tea and coffee Do smoke Have enough rest

2.

Diabetes mellitus

Brain----- Stroke Eye ------ High blood pressure damage tiny blood vessel at the back of the eye. ------ blindness

Diabetes mellitus
Heart------

Heart disease including chest pain (angina) and heart attack

Kidney Nerves-----

damage the network of nerves, feet and hand tingle, burn or numb ------ lost all sense of feeling

Prevent Diabetes mellitus

Prevent Obesity Low in saturated fat and

cholesterol

Avoid excessive intake of

carbohydrates (sugar nad

starch)

3.

Osteoporosis

Lack of calcium, phosphorus and

vitamin D in diet

Low density of bone mass Bone become thin and brittle, and easily broken

A portion of a bone showing the loss of bone mass known as osteoporosis (right) is contrasted with a portion of a healthy bone (left).

Prevent Osteoporosis

Eat food rich in calcium, such as

milk, vegetables and cereal

Avoid excessive intake of protein

(excess protein causes bone lose calcium)

Summary time