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Go There! Go There! Go There! Go There! Go There!
Design Goals & Components Network Design Methodology Layer 1 Design Layer 2 Design Layer 3 Design
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Placement of Servers
Servers now perform special functions and can be categorized as either... Enterprise Servers--supports all users on the network
DNS and mail servers should be placed in the MDF
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Intranets are internal to the organization and are not accessible by the public over the Internet. Intranet Servers use browsers to provide access to authorized users. This has caused an increase in needed bandwidth. Therefore, design must address...
Type of data to be accessed Server privileges Outfitting desktops with faster connectivity
More processing power 10/100Mbps NICs to provide migration to switched technologies
Collision detection and minimization has become a major concern as users attempt to access the same server. Home As weve seen, switches can provide dedicated bandwidth to minimize or eliminate collsions. End
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Network Availability
Network design seeks to provide the greatest availability for the least cost. Factors that affect availability include...
In the graphic, what type of server is each and where should each be placed?
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Physical Topologies
In the CCNA curriculum, we concentrate on the star/extended star physical topology which typically uses the Ethernet 802.3 standard. Why? Because it is the most popular topology used in LANs. The next three sections, evaluate the extended star by layers.
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Layer 1 Design
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Type of cable to use (twisted-pair, coax, fiber) Where to use each type (e.g. fiber on the backbone) How far each run must travel before being terminated (twisted-pair is limited to what distance?)
In an existing LAN, a cable audit is performed to determine where upgrading and/or replacement of bad cables is Home needed. End
Whether the LAN is a star or extended star, the MDF is the center of the star.
From the workstation to the telecommunications outlet, the patch cable should be no more than 3m. From there to the patch panel, called the HCC, no more than 90m. From the patch panel (the HCC) to the switch, no more than 6m.
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Notice Layer 1s logical documentation shows nothing about logical addressing The Logical Diagram and Cut Sheet are primary tools for design, but are crucial to the tech who is troubleshooting.
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Layer 2 Design
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Both provide the added benefit of what? Segmenting collision domains into microsegments. Switches can also provide connections of unlike bandwidth (e.g., 100Mbps to the server & 10Mbps to workstations). This is called...?
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In a switched LAN environment using hubs, the bandwidth of each switched port is shared by all the devices. Therefore, they also share the same collision domain. To determine the bandwidth per host, simply divide the ports bandwidth by the number of hosts (see graphic). In a pure switched LAN environment where each host has its own port, the size of the collision domain is 2. If running full-duplex, then the collision domain is eliminated. Why?
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Migrating to 100BaseT
As long as your workstations all have 10/100 NICs, increasing the bandwidth is easy.
Replace the hub with a 100Mbps capable hub and patch the HCC into a 100Mbps port on the switch. In addition, you can add another 100Mbps VCC from the IDF to the MDF, which provide 200 Mbps to the IDFs switch. In the graphic, the red lines represent migrating to 100Mbps.
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Layer 3 Design
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After determining your Layer 1, 2, and 3 design, you can create your addressing (logical) and physical maps. These are invaluable. They
Give a snapshot of the network Show subnet mask info Help in troubleshooting
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