DESIGN PROJECT III

SINGLE PHASE TO THREE PIC PHASE

CONVERTER
DESIGNED BY
P.A JILI
M.S SEME
M.C SIDUDU
 INTRODUCTION
There are two basic types of phase converters on the market, which will allow
three phase motor to run using single phase input to the converter. These types
are referred to as static and rotary converter. The rotary is basically only the
start circuit will be very unbalanced and the motor will not be able to run above
2/3 of its horse power. The rotary converter provides currents in all three
phases and although not perfect, it will allow its entire rated horse power.
Rotary converter speed of three phase motor depends on the frequency of the
applied voltage.
The start capacitors should be rated for at least 250V AC. The run capacitors
are optional, which means that the converter will work fine without them.
However we may be able to get about 80% powers from the three phase motor
due to low current in the third line. Run capacitors are commonly rated for 330
or 370V AC.
Phase Perfect is a new patented technology that supplies three phase from
single phase source to power inductive, resistive and capacitive loads with
distinct advantages over an existing converter technology. Phase Perfect has
an input stage with electronic power factor correction producing true and near
unity power factor. The input current is sinusoidal with very low harmonic
content. The output signal passes through an LC filter which blocks the high f
 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The main aim of this project is to explain,
how to build a rotary phase converter that
convert a single phase 220V AC of electric
power to a three phase 415V AC to be
used in industrial machines. It must be
able to drive small motors of up to 700W
regardless of weather they are
synchronous or asynchronous.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A SINGLE TO THREE PHASE CONVERTER

R6
1k
D2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
14007
R2 U1 Q1 100uF 100uF 100uF 100uF 100uF
1M MOC3041
R4 BT138
1k Q2
F1 R1 C1 BT138
0,2A 50 Ohms 220nF
C1 U2
PIC 12F509 OPTOISO
1uF XTAL1
400VDC/250V AC R5
C3 4MHZ 1k

D1 C2 D7 1uF R7
+

14007 5.1V 1k
100uF
25V

Q3
TRIAC

T1
240-208V AC
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15
230~240V AC 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF 330uF

415V
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
TRANSFORMERLESS
This circuitry will supply up to about 20ma at 12V, while the input voltage is 220-
240V. It uses capacitive reactance instead of resistance; and it doest generate
very much heat. Always use fuse and fusible resistor to be on a safe side.C1
should be of suppressor type, made to be connected directly across the incoming
mains supply. The low voltage AC is supplied by diode 1{D1} diode 2{D2}.
BUCK BOOSTER TRANSFORMER
The purpose of this transformer is to raise or drop the line voltage before it enters
the phase converter, so that the equipment is seeing the proper three-phase
voltage. The single phase voltage going into the phase converter is the same as
the three-phase voltage coming out. The incoming 240 V is reduced to 208 volts to
be used in the capacitor bank.
 CAPACITORS
A capacitor can be viewed as temporal electrical storage. Alternative voltage
is delaying as the capacitor is charged. Capacitors have used to operate three
phase motor on single phase power. In this method, the two single phase
wires are connected to the input of the three phases motor. A capacitor is
connected between one of the single phase inputs and the third terminal of
the motor. These capacitors will have to be matched to the three phase motor
you will be using to generate the 3rd leg. By being capacitor started, the rotary
will be ‘instant ON’.
CAPACITORS USED HERE ARE OF TWO TYPES
START CAPACITORS
The motor start capacitors are of the AC electrolytic because the are not used
to continually run the motor, but rather are used only to start the motor. This
type of capacitor can not withstand prolonged usage, and so is only used o
start the motor.
RUN CAPACITORS
The run capacitors are used for running the motor which requires oil filled
capacitors, specially designed to withstand the abuse of continuously and
discharging at line frequency.
 PIC 12F509
The function of a pic12f509 is to check if the three phase voltage is
generated in the Run Capacitor Bank, and it sends the signal to the
Stator Capacitor Bank to start the motor, and thereafter the Run
Capacitors to run a three phase motor.
Then if three phases is not generated in the Capacitor Bank, the
PIC12F509 will send the signal to the Start Capacitors to start a three
phase motor, so a PIC12F509 will send the feedback to the Run
Capacitor to run the motor.
 APPLICATION
Lightly-and moderately-load motors
For lightly load machines tools (drills, mills, low-speed latches fitted with
clutch, pedestals grinders, band saws etc) are made of static phase
converter. On a multi-motor application with a broad Hp range of lightly-
loaded motors, some converters manufactures advocate using rotary of
equal Hp to the largest motor operated. This is not a wise move, since on
motor start up; the rotary has a pull itself while providing two thirds of the
power for the load motor. That is why it is recommended to choose a
rotary that is at least one size larger than the largest operated motor, even
on these lightly-loaded machines. The multi-motor may then be three
times the Hp of the largest motor it is operated.
Normally loaded motors
This will allow most load motors to be started and operated at up to 150%
of their full-load torque. Other load motor, up to an average load of 13 to
15 Hp could be operated at the same time on this model. Application that
require a converter twice the size of the largest operated motor such as
A/C and refrigeration compressors balances elevators, automotive lifts,
and other such application. On multi-motor centrifugal pump and grain fan
application, it is often necessary to provide additional capacitor panels to
balance line currents and voltage under load.
 CONCLUSION
• This project would be extensively useful to
both domestic and industrial applications.
However, additional information would be
needed in order to implement the design
in large industrial applications, due to high
losses and large starting current.