Aggregates With Developmental Needs

Maternal-Newborn
Indicator of health (national and global) At risk for disease, disability and death The majority of client (pregnant or having children) Economically disadvantages

Maternal-Newborn
ndikator kesehatan (nasional dan global) Pada risiko penyakit, kecacatan dan kematian Mayoritas klien (anak hamil atau memiliki) Secara ekonomi kerugian

Health Status and Needs

Women die of pregnancy-related causes; 99% in developing countries Direct causes: complication of pregnancy, labor, postpartum; omission or incorrect treatment Teenage mothers and their infants are at risk Peri-natal transmission of HIV/AIDS

Health Status and Needs

Perempuan meninggal kehamilan-penyebab terkait, 99% di negara berkembang Langsung penyebab: komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan, nifas, kelalaian atau perlakuan yang salah Ibu remaja dan bayi mereka beresiko Peri-natal penularan HIV / AIDS

Health Status and Needs

Women have no insurance Pregnant adolescent: children having children Substance use and abuse LBW and VLBW Cesarean section delivery

Health Status and Needs

Perempuan memiliki asuransi Hamil remaja: anak memiliki anak Penggunaan narkoba dan penyalahgunaan BBLR dan VLBW Bedah sesar pengiriman

Risk Factors
Gaya hidup: merokok, nutrisi tidak adekuat, low pre-pregnancy weight, substance use and abuse (alkohol, narcotic), environmental toxin, stress and lack of social support Socio-demographic: low maternal age, tingkat pendidikan rendah, poverty, un-married status Medical and gestational history: primi-multi parity, multiple gestation, short pregnancy interval

Risk Factors
Gaya Hidup: merokok, nutrisi tidak adekuat, rendah berat badan sebelum kehamilan, penggunaan narkoba dan penyalahgunaan (ALKOHOL, narkotika), racun lingkungan, stres dan kurangnya dukungan sosial Sosio-demografis: rendah usia ibu, tingkat Pendidikan rendah, kemiskinan, un-menikah Status Medis dan gestational sejarah: primi multi paritas, kehamilan ganda, jarak kehamilan

Problems related to the factors

Poor pregnancy outcomes Maternal: limited prenatal care; inadequate nutrition, low pre-pregnancy weight; SIDS, HIV/AIDS; emotional, physical, and social problems; post partum depression, grief, maternal developmental disability (child abuse, neglect) Newborn: impaired fetal growth, congenital anomaly, abnormality of the organs, pre-term birth

Problems related to the factors

Buruk kehamilan hasil Ibu: terbatas prenatal care; gizi yang tidak memadai, rendahnya berat badan sebelum kehamilan, SIDS, HIV / AIDS, emosional, fisik, dan masalah-masalah sosial, depresi post partum, kesedihan, cacat perkembangan ibu (pelecehan anak, penelantaran) Newborn: gangguan pertumbuhan janin, kelainan kongenital, kelainan organ, prematur lahir

Program Planning
Assessing the needs Considering: education, live experience, culture, developmental Vital statistic: health problems Developmental stages: physiologic and emotional status; social support system; access to medical care; financial status; housing needs, ability to care the baby

Program Planning
Menilai kebutuhan Menimbang: pendidikan, pengalaman budaya, hidup, perkembangan Vital statistik: masalah kesehatan Pembangunan tahap: Status fisiologis dan emosional, dukungan sistem sosial, akses ke perawatan medis, status keuangan, kebutuhan perumahan, kemampuan untuk merawat bayi

Health Programs
Depend on specific needs: geographic distribution and size of the nursing staff Clinic including the program for the high risk Home visit (benefit for client and nurse, costly) Self help group (peer, acceptance of the responsibility for the health promoting behaviors) School-based program Information services (telephone, health education center, hand book)

Health Programs
Tergantung pada kebutuhan spesifik: geografis distribusi dan ukuran staf keperawatan Klinik termasuk program untuk risiko tinggi Kunjungan rumah (manfaat bagi klien dan perawat, mahal) Swadaya kelompok (peer, penerimaan tanggung jawab untuk kesehatan mempromosikan perilaku) Sekolah-program berbasis Informasi layanan (telepon, pendidikan kesehatan pusat, buku tangan)

Under-Five
Future well-being of the nation The health and safety depend on 2day decision and action A valuable asset The determinant of mortality rate: hungry, basic immunization, accident and injury, communicable disease, poor, number of children

Under-Five
Masa Depan kesejahteraan bangsa Kesehatan dan keselamatan tergantung pada keputusan dan tindakan 2day Sebuah aset berharga Penentu tingkat kematian: jumlah lapar, imunisasi dasar, kecelakaan dan cedera, penyakit menular, miskin, anak-anak

Health Problems
Accidents and injuries: un-save toys, falls, burn, automobile crashes, poison, family violence Communicable disease: acute illness (ARI, infectious and parasite, digestive); chronic disease (asthma, food allergies, muscular dystrophy) Behavior and learning problems Poor nutrition and dental hygiene (under/over feeding/eating, in-appropriate food choice) The effect of poverty

Health Problems
Kecelakaan dan cedera: un-save mainan, jatuh, luka bakar, kecelakaan mobil, racun, kekerasan keluarga Penyakit Menular: penyakit akut (ISPA, infeksi dan parasit, pencernaan), penyakit kronis (asma, alergi makanan, distrofi otot) Perilaku dan pembelajaran masalah Miskin gizi dan kesehatan gigi (under / over makan / makan pilihan, di-sesuai makanan) Pengaruh kemiskinan

Health programs and service

Community center: parenting education, health and safety education, immunization, screening, family planning Quality day care, parenting class, parenting support and services Safety and injury protection (motor vehicle crash, environmental hazard) Communicable disease Dental caries

Health programs and service

Komunitas center: parenting pendidikan, kesehatan dan keselamatan pendidikan, imunisasi, skrining, keluarga berencana Kualitas penitipan anak, kelas parenting, dukungan pengasuhan dan jasa Keamanan dan perlindungan cedera (kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor, bahaya lingkungan) penyakit menular karies gigi

Health programs and .

Child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) and neglect (physical, medical, educational) Early childhood development: ready to learn Nutrition: learn dietary habit Physical fitness Special need

Health programs and .

Pelecehan anak (fisik, emosional, seksual) dan pengabaian (fisik, kesehatan, pendidikan) Pengembangan anak usia dini: siap untuk belajar Nutrisi: belajar kebiasaan diet fisik kebugaran khusus kebutuhan

School-age and Adolescent

Children are the parent, worker, leader, and decision maker for tomorrow Childrens future depends on achieving of the educational goal Successful schooling depends on the health Access to school nurse, the effect????

School-age and Adolescent

Anak-anak adalah orang tua, pekerja, pemimpin, dan pengambil keputusan untuk besok Masa depan anak-anak tergantung pada pencapaian dari tujuan pendidikan Sekolah yang sukses tergantung pada kesehatan Akses ke perawat sekolah, efeknya????

Health problems: school-age

Problems associated with economic status (poor in health, school, adulthood) Accident and injury Communicable diseases Chronic diseases (dermatitis, hearing difficulty, stomachaches, headache, diabetic, asthma) Behavior problem and learning disabilities (reading, writing, mathematic) Head lice/pediculosis Poor nutrition and dental health In-activity

Health problems: school-age

Masalah yang terkait dengan status ekonomi (miskin dalam kesehatan, sekolah, dewasa) Kecelakaan dan cedera penyakit tidak menular Penyakit kronis (dermatitis, kesulitan mendengar, sakit perut, sakit kepala, diabetes, asma) Masalah perilaku dan ketidakmampuan belajar (membaca, menulis, matematika) Kepala kutu / pediculosis Miskin gizi dan kesehatan gigi Dalam aktivitas

Health problems: adolescent

Emotional (depressions, anxiety, behavioral problems, eating disorder) and suicide Violence (at school, home, street) Substance abuse (alcohol, cigarette, narcotic, inhalant) Pregnancy STDs and HIV/AIDS Acne Poor nutrition and eating disorder

Health problems: adolescent

Emosional (depresi, kecemasan, masalah perilaku, gangguan makan) dan bunuh diri Kekerasan (di sekolah, rumah, jalan) Penyalahgunaan zat (alkohol, rokok, narkotika, inhalansia) kehamilan PMS dan HIV / AIDS jerawat Gizi buruk dan gangguan makan

Health programs
Immunization: hepatitis, tetanus, MMR, pneumonia, TB Education and social services: hand washing, hearing conservation; parental support services (periods of transition); child growth and development; family planning, risk taking behavior Safety and injury prevention: driver education, improved motor vehicle design, heat and smoke detecting system, environment hazard

Health programs
Imunisasi: hepatitis, tetanus, MMR, pneumonia, TB Pendidikan dan pelayanan sosial: mencuci tangan, pendengaran konservasi, layanan dukungan orangtua (masa transisi), pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, keluarga berencana, pengambilan risiko perilaku Keselamatan dan pencegahan cedera: pendidikan driver, perbaikan desain kendaraan

Health programs
Infectious disease: campaign Child protection service (abuse) Oral hygiene and dental care (fluoride, tooth brushing, nutrition) Screening (vision, hearing, growth and development, musculoskeletal, dental) Nutrition and exercise Prevent substance abuse: peer as educator Counseling and crisis intervention: stress control program (build coping skill: self-help, peer counseling/ intervention) School-based health clinic

Health programs
Penyakit menular: Kampanye Perlindungan anak layanan (penyalahgunaan) Oral kesehatan dan perawatan gigi (fluoride, menyikat gigi, gizi) Screening (penglihatan, pendengaran, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, muskuloskeletal, gigi) Nutrisi dan latihan Mencegah penyalahgunaan zat: peer sebagai pendidik Konseling dan intervensi krisis: stres program pengendalian (membangun keterampilan mengatasi: self-help, konseling sebaya / intervensi) Sekolah berbasis klinik kesehatan

Adults
18-64 years old: differences in health profile, need and problem Developmental tasks
Becoming adults (18-28): starting career, becoming parent and homeowner Adults (29-34): better problem-solving skills Midlife (35-43): reappraisal of values, priority and personal relationship (middle crisis) Rehabilitation (44-55): attention both physically and economically Preparation for retirement (56-64): loss and griefing

A shift in a mortality causes: communicable-non communicable

Adults
18-64 tahun: perbedaan dalam profil kesehatan, kebutuhan dan masalah perkembangan tugas Menjadi dewasa (18-28): memulai karir, menjadi orang tua dan pemilik rumah Dewasa (29-34): baik keterampilan pemecahan masalah Setengah baya (35-43): penilaian kembali nilai-nilai, prioritas dan hubungan pribadi (krisis tengah) Rehabilitasi (44-55): perhatian baik secara fisik maupun ekonomi Persiapan untuk pensiun (56-64): kerugian dan griefing

Health Problems
Accident: unintentional injury Cancer: smoking, ligth Cardiovascular: personal, heredity, environmental Suicide: emotional and mental stress HIV/AIDS: IDU or sexual activity

Health Problems
Kecelakaan: cedera yang tidak disengaja Kanker: merokok, ligth Kardiovaskular: personal, faktor keturunan, lingkungan Bunuh Diri: stres emosional dan mental HIV / AIDS: IDU atau aktivitas seksual

Health Programs
Health and safety education Immunization Eating habit Exercise Physical examination Relaxation technique

Health Programs
Kesehatan dan pendidikan keselamatan imunisasi kebiasaan makan latihan pemeriksaan fisik teknik relaksasi

Environmental Work factors

Physical: structural element (space, temperature, lighting, noise, radiation) Chemical: chemical agents(gas, solvent, vapor, dust, solid) Biologic: living organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasite, insect, animal, toxic plant) Ergonomic: design (work, place, tool and task) Psychological: response and behavior

Environmental Work factors

Fisik: struktur elemen (spasi, temperatur, pencahayaan, kebisingan, radiasi) Kimia: bahan kimia (gas, pelarut, uap, debu, padat) Biologik: organisme hidup (bakteri, virus, jamur, parasit, serangga, hewan, tumbuhan beracun) Ergonomis: desain (pekerjaan, tempat, alat dan tugas) Psikologis: respon dan perilaku

Health problems
Occupational diseases: condition result from exposure from employment Ergonomic problems: musculoskeletal Emotional disturbance: pressure at work, physically stressful work, perception of inability to control the demand Violence

Health problems
Kerja penyakit: kondisi akibat dari paparan dari pekerjaan Ergonomis masalah: muskuloskeletal Emosional gangguan: tekanan di tempat kerja, kerja fisik stres, persepsi ketidakmampuan untuk mengendalikan permintaan kekerasan

Health programs
Disease prevention: eliminating hazard (redesign equipment, substitution material) Health protection: safety for worker Health promotion: behavior changes Non-occupational health services: on site treatment, counseling

Health programs
Pencegahan penyakit: bahaya menghilangkan (redesign peralatan, bahan substitusi) Perlindungan kesehatan: keamanan bagi pekerja Promosi kesehatan: perubahan perilaku Non-kerja pelayanan kesehatan: pengobatan situs, konseling

Elderly
Fastest growing segment Baby-boom generation The changes Elite old/ centenarian Maximize ability to remain independent, constructing member in society, maintain high quality of life Special challenge: the need for health promotionprevention and services

Elderly
Tercepat tumbuh segmen Baby-boom generasi perubahan Elite tua / centenarian Maksimalkan kemampuan untuk tetap independen, membangun anggota dalam masyarakat, menjaga kualitas hidup yang tinggi Khusus Tantangan: kebutuhan untuk promosi kesehatan pencegahan dan jasa

Ageism
Cannot live independent Chronological age determines oldness Have diminished intellectual capacity Cannot be productive and active Resistance to change Hope on social security

Ageism
Tidak bisa hidup mandiri Usia kronologis menentukan ketuaan Telah berkurang kapasitas intelektual Tidak bisa produktif dan aktif Resistensi terhadap perubahan Harapan tentang jaminan sosial

Characteristic of health elderly

Aging: a normal, irreversible physiology process; is not a problem Basic need: physiology, safety, love, self-esteem, selfactualization Strengths are more importance than problems Ability to function: able to adapt, continue to handle stress, and active and involved

Health needs
Nutrition: maintain the optimal weight (low fat, moderate carbohydrate, high protein); keep teeth; avoid laxative or adding fiber; exercise and water Exercise: warming-up Economy security Psychosocial: coping skills, maintaining independency, social interaction

Health needs
Safety: personal health and safety (immunization, fall prevention and drug safety) Spirituality and preparing for death screening

Health problems
Alzheimer Arthritis Cancer Depression Diabetic Cardiovascular osteoporosis

Health service
Criteria
Comprehensive: adequate financial support, day care program, health care services, health education, in-home services, recreation and activity program, specialized transportation services Coordination Accessibility Promote quality program

Health service
Types
Home care Day care Respite care Hospice care

Role and skills of CHN

Educator: communication and teaching Advocate and liaison: resource manager Facilitator to influence policy: writing grant collaborator: coordination and networking Engineering: strategy uses a greater degree of persuasion or positive manipulation Enforcement: use coercion to make people comply with the law

Fundamental requirements
Know the characteristic the population Set aside stereotypes based on misconception about the population Know the health needs of the population as basis for nursing intervention View the population from an aggregate, public health perspective that emphasize health protection and promotion, and disease prevention