WEL-COME TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

AT HOME

AND

AT THE JOB

STATUTARY REQUIREMENT

Indian Electricity Act Indian Electricity Rules

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

MAKE ELECTRICITY WORK FOR YOU NOT AGAINST YOU REMEMBER EVEN HOUSE CURRENT CAN KILL YOU TREAT ALL ELECTRICITY WITH RESPECT ELECTRICITY IS GOOD SERVANT BUT BAD MASTER

HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY

Direct contact with current (electric shock, internal burns) Without current flow through body (flash over burns, radiation burns) Fire and Explosion (electrical ignition, static electricity) Intense electromagnetic fields.

EFFECTS - HUMAN RESISTANCE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT

Body Area/Condition
Dry Skin Wet Skin Internal Body (Hand & Foot) Ear to Ear

Resistance in Ohms.
1,00,000 to 6,00,000 1000 400 to 600 About 100

EFFECTS - ON MANS BODY

Type of Current
AC 50Hz 0-1 mA 1-8 mA 9-15 mA 16-20 mA 20-45 mA DC 0-5 mA 6-55 mA 60-80 mA 80-100 mA 100-350 mA AC 10,000Hz 0-9mA 10-55 mA 60-80 mA 80-100 mA Effect No sensation Mild shock Painful shock Some loss of muscle control Severe shock & loss of muscle control Possible heart attack Usually Fatal

50-100 mA 400-800 mA Over 100 mA Over 800 mA

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL JOBS

PERMIT

TO WORK ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Electric switch gears, Electric switch yards, Cable cellars, racks, trenches, Transformers and circuit breakers, UPS systems, Battery/ battery charger systems, Motors/motor terminal boxes, Actuators of motorized valves, Junction boxes, MCC panels, Control stations, HVAC systems, Cathodic protection system, Electrical heat tracing, Electrical earthing, Overhead lines.

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL JOBS

PERMIT FOR ELECTRICAL ISOLATION/ RESTORATION For carrying out maintenance, inspection, repair activities on machines/equipment. Issuer to ensure the proper isolation. Attach isolation stub with the work permit. Do not operate tags on field switch. To ensure isolation by pressing the push button prior to start work. Restore connections after receiving stub back only.

HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

Zone 0 - Continuous presence of flammable atmosphere. Zone 1 - Periodically or occasionally presence of flammable atmosphere in normal operations. Zone 2 - Flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation. IS : 5572 (Part I) - 1978

All electrical installations should be in accordance to area classification.

TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

By Competent electrical person only. If driving equipment - Check status of machine test/inspection Avoid on walkways - use overhead means Use authentic distribution points as far as possible or use standard extension boards. Protect cable and boards form rain, water, floor washing, overriding by vehicles etc. Adequate rating of cable. Avoid joints. Disconnect promptly when not in use. Specified designed fittings and equipment in hazardous areas.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Reasons for Accident 1. Earthling not proper 2. Safety lock out procedure not followed 3. Non conventional tagging. 4. Improper tools/ Instruments 5. Short cut, Taking a chance- risk 6. Checking not done for isolation 7. Lack of knowledge or poor knowledge 8. Not using safety appliances ( P.P.E.)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
9. Lack of concentration 10. Lack of preventive maintenance 11. Absence of earthling 12. Testing of portable equipment not done before use 13. Temporary repairs 14. Absence of protection 15. Hurry makes worry

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
16. Over confidence 17. Miscommunication 18. Poor quality of tools 19. Insufficient work place 20. Untrained people 21. Monkey tricks

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
1) Electrical fatal accident are 10-15 % of total fatal accident i.e. percentage is very high. 2) Main electrical Hazards a) Electrical shock b) Electrical Burn c) Fire & Explosion d) Hazards due to electric welding & cutting

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Main protection are 1) Proper fuses 2) Switch gears 3) Circuit Breakers 4) Earthlings

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Severity of shock & injury depends on 1) Magnitude of current flowing through the body 2) Whether current A.C. or D.C. 3) Whether current passes through nervous centers or vital organ 4) If current A.C. whether frequency low or high

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
5) Duration of current 6) Condition of body Dry skin offers 100000 to 600000 ohms resistance to current, when as wet skin offers only 1000 ohms resistance. ( Average body resistance of children & women is only 60 to 66% of that of men)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Thus, when body is wet there is very great danger of electrical accident and even fatality. When skin is dry and a man is working with portable tool ( 220 V system) maximum current which can pass through is.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
I = V/R = 220/ 100000 * 1000 M A = 2.2 M A But when skin is wet I= V/R = 220/ 1000 * 1000 M A = 220 M A

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Shock may happen due to 1) Contact with bare live conductors 2) Removal of insulation of conductors 3) Short circuit due to sudden failure & short circuit current not going to earth 4) static charge on equipment discharges through human body.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
General safety measure to avoid electric shock 1) Proper earthling required, record of ground resistance required. Due to minimum earthing resistance, leakage current passes through it & not through a person. 2) Use approved insulated tools 3) Use shock proof gloves, boots, tester etc. 4) During electric work, metal ring or chain should not be used

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
5) 6) 7) 8) Avoid temporary wiring Employ trained electrician Use good insulated tested wiring Isolation of machine or equipments before electric work 9) Follow work permit system

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
10) Overloading should not be done

11) Oil type transformer to be placed out door 12) Use automatic voltage regulators, circuit breaker rated fuse & over voltage relays for protection from over voltage 13) Inspection by electrical inspectors also required 14) Material should be as per IS

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
15) 16) 17) 18) 19) Closure of live parts Safe laying of cables Lighting arrester Put caution board No work should be started near electrical equipment 20) No aerial line to be installed without approval

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
21) Defective supply line to be rectified 22) Guards on transmission lines to be provided to prevent faults due to birds. 23) Use of grounding mat of low ohmic value 24) Temperature sensitive alarms & protective relays to make alert and disconnect equipments before overheating

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
25) Interlocks to be provided to put in to and out of service equip correctly. Do not meddle with interlocks 26) Keep ready CO2 type and other fire extinguishers 27) Double communication system required with critical area 28) Flame & smoke detection & central fire annunciation . All these systems to be checked periodically & records to be maintained

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
29) Good house keeping required including well maintenance 31) Adequate working space and means of access around each apparatus 32) Keep first aid boxes and respiratory equipment ready

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
33) Prevent higher humidity & temp near electrical insulation 34) Work with full protection in raining 35) Use of flame proof / explosion proof equips required in flammable / explosive areas

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
At home also ensure that all equip like electric iron, heater, cooking range, grinder, refrigeration & water pump etc are properly earthed. Use always 3 core IS wire for such appliances. 3 plug pin should be used 37) Ensure that switches & the plugs are fixed at a reasonable height so that the children do not meddle with them
36)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
38) Replace cracked or defective plug & switches immediately. Do not use them by wrapping cloth or making any other make shift arrangement 39) Avoid using metallic lamp holder as far as possible 40) Replace the lamp only after switching off the supply of the lamp holder

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
41)

Avoid connecting additional appliances to the existing house installations without consulting electrician 42) Always handles switch and plug points with dry hands 43) Switch off the plug points if the socket becomes hot. Hot plug points are indications of loose or bad contact or excessive current going through the plug.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
44) In the case of house fires, switch off the current from the main switch. 45) Look for the appliances like tea kettles, water boilers, icons & ovens etc having automatic cut off system or thermostatic control

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
46) If any body comes in accidental contact with live wire & he remains in contact with it, run & switch off the current immediately, if this can not be done. Use dry rope or long wooden stick to separate him from contact. If there is no sign of breathing, start rendering artificial respiration till the victim regains consciousness.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
46) Remember that electricity remains as mans most efficient & versatile servant so long you honor all the safety principles & follow them otherwise it will strike so, respect electricity with due safety & take full service from if for your comfortable living.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
47) Never use water pipes for earthling the portable electrical appliances 48) Never take risk by using cracked or defective plugs & switches as they are extremely dangerous 49) Never put clothes on the aerial of your antenna or telephone wires

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Never undertake any repairs of any electrical wiring yourself, call electrician for such repairs 51) Never use heavy current consuming appliances on lighting plug points 52) Do not pull the connecting flexible wire of plug to remove it from socked take hold of plug itself for withdrawing it from its socket
50)

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
53) Do not allow flexible wires connecting table fans, table lamps, etc to the plug 54) Do not pour or fill in kettle or pan when it remains on heater. Keep heaters switch off to prevent shock 55) Portable tool operation should be checked near the isolating point, before using at the required location

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
56) Cable ( cord) should be sufficiently long to reach work place without tension 57) Plug rating should match the tool rating 58) Any switch should be operated fast ( on / off ) to prevent spark. Spark may damage the eye

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
59) While shifting portable m/c, its wire should not be bend to protect wire insulation 60) Relieve capacitors of charges before working on them 61) An unsafe man is a liability. He is a danger to himself, his fellow workers, the equipment, the public and the organization as a whole

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
62) All motors unless they are of flame- proof type should be outside the building, room or compartment and the ventilation duct. 63) All fuses should be outside the building or compartment 64) Always treat circuit as live until you have proved them to be dead, the insulation of the conductor may be defective

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
65) Before working on a motor on or other rotating machine make sure that it can not be set in a motion without your permission 66) Cultivate the habit of turning your face away whenever an arc or flash may occur 67) Do not renew a blown fuse until you are satisfied to the cause and have rectified any irregularity

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
68) Do not connect single pole switch or fuse in a neutral circuit but always connect in the live or phase wire 69) Do not temper with the meter boards and cut outs unless you are authorized to do so 70) Do not place any part of your body in circuit either to ground or across the terminal when making a connection or operating

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
71) Always report immediately to the person in charge any dangerous condition or dangerous practice which you may observe 72) Do not allow visitors and unauthorized persons to touch or handle electrical apparatus or come within the danger zone of high voltage apparatus

THANKS