Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
DEFINITION
A structure is a connected system of members designed to support loads safely or transfer forces effectively.
Cantilever
Trusses Space Frame
Geodesic Frame
TYPES
A beam is a horizontal structural element that is capable to carry vertical loads A column is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below * beam is a tension member definition
Load distribution
A
same amount of loads for each column
B
Uniformly distributed loads over the beam
C
unevenly loads over the beam
CANTILEVER
definition
A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam carries the load to the support where it is resisted by moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing. Cantilevers can also be constructed with trusses or slabs.
Load distribution
TRUSSES
a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive force definition
Load distribution
Compression
Load Deflection
SPACE FRAME
definition
Is a truss-like with a threedimensional frame, usually triangulated in all directions, composed of struts and ties interconnected so that they all share in carrying any load
Load distribution
A space frame is usually an open, threedimensional framework of struts and braces which define a structure and distribute its weight evenly in all dimension. This multi-axial load distribution serves to reduce the member forces and thus leads to lightweight and filigree structures. The system consists of members and nodes with a pin joint or bending resistant connections.
The choice of the member length and their angles is linked to the loads which are to be carried. In plan view, they can establish a triangular grid or a quadrangular grid, while in section they can formulate single, double, or triple layers.
GEODESIC FRAME
A geodesic dome is a spherical or partialspherical shell structure based on a network of great circles (geodesics) lying on the surface of a sphere. The geodesics intersect to form triangular elements that have local triangular rigidity and also distribute the stress across the entire structure. When completed to form a full sphere, it is known as a geodesic sphere definition
dodecahedron
Load distribution
A dome distributes the load to all elements that compose it, and depends on this to retain its integrity, rather than load bearing walls and trusses found in traditional structures. That's what makes it "self supporting". Walls and floors would pull down the dome, they need to have their own support.
A roughly hemispherical structure built from of a self-bracing network of triangles. This design, conceived by the American architect R. Buckminster Fuller, gives impressive structural strength while using a minimum of material. Geodesic domes are efficient, inexpensive, and durable. However, homes based on this design must overcome a number of difficulties.
A triangle cannot deform , except for rotation of its joints, without the sides changing length.