Tobacco dependence

Dr Keli

The voyage of discovery is not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.
Marcel Proust

NATIONALLY, TOBACCO KILLS MORE AMERICANS EACH YEAR THAN...

AIDS 31,000 TOBACCO 434,000 FIRE 4,000 CAR 25,000 HEROIN 2,400

HOMICIDE 22,000
SECOND-HAND SMOKE 53,000 SUICIDE 31,000

COCAINE 3,300
ALCOHOL 105,000

TOBACCO TOTAL: 487,000

Others TOTAL: 233,700

Goal #1:

Prevent initiation of the use of tobacco products among youth and youth cessation

Whats in a Cigarette?

Nicotine. Used in bug spray, insecticide. Tar. Gives cigarettes flavor. The average smoker inhales about one cup of tar a year. The tar may stick and stay in the lungs for a long time. Formaldehyde. Preserves dead animals. Cyanide. Main ingredient in rat poison. Lead. Found in some kinds of paint. Acetone. Common ingredient in paint and nail polish remover. Ammonia. Found in many household cleaners. Carbon monoxide. A common pollutant that escapes from the exhaust in cars. Hydrazine. Used in jets and rocket fuel.

Whats in Spit Tobacco

Nicotine Polonium 210 (nuclear waste) Radioactive elements Formaldehyde (embalming fluid) Cancer-causing chemicals

BEAUTY FUN

MACHO
BRAVE SEXY

Goal #2: Increase cessation of tobacco use among adults

Goal #3: Reduce exposure of youth and adults to secondhand smoke

4,000 chemicals - including cyanide, formaldehyde and arsenic 50 cancer-causing agents Increases the risk of respiratory infections, heart disease, and cancer of the lungs, pancreas, kidney, bladder, cervix, breast and brain Causes approximately 53,000 deaths in the U.S. annually A portion of childhood respiratory diseases and their associated illnesses may be preventable by decreasing or eliminating SHS

Secondhand Smoke and Children

Coughing Phlegm production Colds Sore throats Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Ear infections Asthma Bronchitis Pneumonia

Goal #4:
Increase outreach to disparately affected populations NACADA

NICOTINE ADDICTION!!!

Nicotine
Increases

pleasure feeling. Increases motivation. Increases concentration. Decrease stress and angry feelings. Is a tool to make awkward social situations better.

Nicotine Facts

Nicotine has a half life of 20 minutes

Every morning individuals often have minor effects due to no tobacco all night Nicotine goes to the lungs first, then hits the brain in 10 seconds Acts as a stimulant and a depressant

Neurotransmitters
Nicotine interferes with Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine GABA Acetylcholine Endorphins

Its All About Quitting?

Stages of Behavior Change

Pre-contemplation No Contemplation On the Fence Preparation - Yes Action GO! Maintenance Cruising Regression/Relapse Ugh

Quit Rates

Quitting without assistance: 3% Clinician advice to quit: 5-10%

Pharmacological Treatment: 20-25%

Telephone counseling: 20-30% Similar to group counseling

Benefits of Quitting
20 minutes 8 hours 1 day 2 days 2 weeks 1 9 months 1 year Blood pressure and pulse rate decrease Carbon monoxide and oxygen levels in blood return to normal The likelihood of a heart attack decreases Nerve endings regenerate; sense of smell and taste are enhanced Circulation improves and lung function increases Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath decrease The likelihood of a heart attack is cut in half

5 years
10 years 15 years

Stroke risk is reduced to the same levels as a non-smoker

Risk of dying from lung cancer is about half that of a current smoker Risk of coronary heart disease and death become roughly equivalent to those who have never smoked

How Long Does It Take?

Make take several months for body to start making chemicals again around 6 months May feel:

Depressed Fidgety Anxious Very aggressive Lethargic

Easy to relapse during this time High potential for relapse if on other drugs (alcohol)

What Can You Do?

Be

supportive and encouraging Be patient Educate Find out resources i.e. NACADA Seek out others to help Never give up on them

Nicotine dependence
May

respond to replacement therapy gum /transdermal patches Bupirion also effective Clonididne used

We must be the change we wish to see in the world.

Mahatma Gandhi