Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Objectives
Explain how anatomical structure affects movement capabilities on upper extremity articulations. Identify factors influencing the relative mobility and stability of upper extremity movements Identify muscles that are active during specific upper extremity movements Describe the biomechanical contributions to common injuries of the upper extremity.
Sternoclavicular Joint
Provides major axis of rotation for movement of clavicle and scapula Freely permitted frontal and transverse plane motion. Allows some forward and backward sagittal plane rotation. Rotation
Acromioclavicular Joint
Irregular diarthrodial joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the distal clavicle. allows limited motions in all three planes.
Rotation occurs during arm elevation Close-packed position with humerus abducted to 90 degrees
Coracoclavicular Joint
A syndesmosis with coracoid process of scapula bound to the inferior clavicle by the coracoclavicular ligament.
Permits little movement
Glenohumeral Joint
Most freely moving joint in human body Glenoid Labrum composed of: Joint capsule Tendon of long head of biceps brachii Glenohumeral ligaments Rotator Cuff Rotator Cuff Muscles Most stable in close-packed position, when the humerus is abducted and laterally rotated.
Scapulothoracic Joint
Region between the anterior scapula and thoracic wall. Functions of muscles attaching to scapula: Contract to stabilize shoulder region Facilitate movements of the upper extremity through appropriate positioning of the glenohumeral joint.
Bursae
Small fibrous sacs that secrete synovial fluid internally to lessen friction between soft tissues around joints. Shoulder contains: Subcoracoid bursa Subscapularis bursa Subacromial bursa
Rotational Injuries
Tears of labrum Mostly in anterior-superior region Tears of rotator cuff muscles Primarily of supraspinatus Tears of biceps brachii tendon Due to forceful rotational movements Also: calcification of soft tissues, degenerative changes in articular surfaces, bursitis
Summary
Shoulder is the most complex joint in the human body. Movements of the shoulder girdle contribute to optimal positioning of the glenohumeral joint for different humeral movements. Humeroulnar articulation controls flexion and extension at the elbow Pronation and supination of forearm occur at proximal and distal radioulnar joints.