 Eating is everyday life process….

 Can you survive without eating??

 What happen to the food you eat??

Is digestion an important process

in your life??
Think About It

• WHAT Is Digestion??
• WHERE Is Digestion Occur??
• WHY Digestion Occur??
Definition What

The process of breaking down

complex food molecule

Wherein the digestive tract

to obtain nutrients in the food

Why
 SEVEN CLASSES OF FOOD

Carbohydrate Protein Lipids Vitamins Mineral water Dietry

fibre

Macromolecule Small, Soluble Cellulose

X digest
DIGESTION Break down

Simpler molecule

RESPIRATION

Energy, synthesis
Why breakdown macromolecule

X
Polysaccharide

Assimilated in the body glucose

 Protein Polypeptide /
peptide

Amino acid

Carbohydrate Lipids

Synthesis enzyme

Starch glucose Glycerol and fatty acid

Energy
Plasma membrane
Who are the workers
This process of breakdown the macromolecule
(hydrolysis) is regulated by an Enzyme

Carbohydrate Protein Lipids

Amylase Pepsin Lipase

Maltase Renin

Sucrase Trypsin

Lactase Erepsin
Where digestion occur
Alimentary canal (gut)

1. Mouth

2. Stomach
3. Small
intestine
 Types of digestion

Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion

Chewing : break down food into smaller
pieces by teeth to increase the Involve digestive enzyme
surface area for enzyme action
(physical digestion)

Squeezing & churning actions of stomach

break down the partly digested food into
smaller pieces which forms a semi-fluid
called Chyme and Relaxation of cardiac
sphincter
Chemical Digestion (mouth)
break down of starch molecules into maltose
molecules by salivary amylase (from salivary
glands)
salivary glands

Starch

maltoses
Mouth:
Food chewed by teeth
 mixed with saliva to form bolus
 swallowed down the esophagus
through pharynx
trachea esophagus
Oesophagus:
muscle
Outer longitudinal & inner contraction
circular muscles contract &
muscle
relax alternately (peristalsis) relaxation

 Push food bolus to stomach

Stomach
(Chemical Digestion)
• digestive juice : gastric juice (pH 2)
(by gastric glands)
• Contains : Mucus, Hydrochloric acid and enzymes
pepsin and renin
• break down of protein molecules into polypeptides or
dipeptides

End Product : Semi fluid chyme

•hydrochloric acid :
–to provide acidic medium for
maximum activity of enzyme
–to kill bacteria
–to stop the activity of salivary
amylase
Enzyme pepsin
break down of large protein molecule in to
smaller chains of polypeptides

Protein + water polypeptides

Enzyme renin
Coagulates milk by converting the soluble
milk protein (caseinogen) into insoluble
casein
3 Parts of small intestine
Consist of duodenum , jejunum, and highly coiled
ileum
Duodenum

Jejunum

ileum
Small Intestine
(mainly chemical digestion)
Digestion of various food substances
by several kinds of digestive juices
Digestive juices found
in small intestine:
1. Bile
2. Pancreatic juice
3. Intestinal juice
Bile
 Alkaline liquid produced in liver and stored in gall bladder

 Do not contain digestive enzymes

 Neutralize the acidic chyme

Provide optimum pH for??

liver
Emulsify lipids
gall bladder
duodenum
Pancreatic juice
Lipase

Pancreatic Amylase LAT

Trypsin

Pancreas

Duodenum
 Lipases
lipid glycerol + 3 fatty acids
lipid

lipase

fatty acids

glycerol
 pancreatic amylase
starch maltose

starch maltose
 Trypsin
Polypeptides Dipeptides/ peptides

Trypsin

dipeptide
Polypeptides
Intestinal juice
Secreted in ileum

Maltase MAK

Sucrase SUKA

Laktase LAKSA

Peptidase/ PENANG
erepsin
CAN Y OU W RITE
TH E RE ACTI ONS ?
 Maltase
disaccharides monosaccharides
(eg. maltose) (eg. glucose)

disaccharide
Maltase

monosaccharide
 Sucrase
Sucrose Glucose + Fructose

Lactase
Lactose Glucose + Galactose
 Erepsin
peptides amino acids

erepsin
amino acid
 After digestion whats next ?

Incomplete digestion
Complete digestion

Glucose, amino acid, fatty acid, glycerol

TUTORIALS
There are many enzymatic action occur in human body
but only four enzymatic action involved in small intestine,
except:

Fat Digestion

Carbohydrate Digestion

Vitamin Digestion

Nucleic Acid Digestion

What enzyme that secreted from pancreas involved in
nucleic acid digestion that hydrolyzed DNA and RNA in
food into component nucleotides?

Polypeptidase

Nucleotidase

Enteropeptidase

Nuclease
In terminal steps of carbohydrate digestion, sugar
monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood by:

Stomach

Pancreas

Intestinal Epithelium

Liver
WELL DONE!
SORRY…TRY AGAIN!
WELL DONE!
SORRY…TRY AGAIN!
WELL DONE!
SORRY…TRY AGAIN!
ACTIVITY
Human Digestive System
1- Pharynx (throat)
2- Mouth
3- tongue
4- Stomach
5- pancreas
6- Small intestine (Ileum)
7- Rectum
8- Salivary gland
9- Esophagus
10- Liver
11- Gall bladder
12- Large intestine (Colon)
13- Appendix
14- Anus
Accessory Organ What it does
helps mix food with saliva, assists in
tongue
swallowing
produces saliva (which contain the
enxymes amylase)
salivary glands
amylase chemically digests
carbohydrates
produces bile
liver
bile EMULSIFIES fats (lipids)
stores bile, then releases into small
gall bladder
intestine
produces pancreatic juice, which is
a mixture of digestive enzymes
pancreatic juice ends up in the
pancreas
small intestine where it assists in
completing the digestion of
proteins, lipids, & carbohydrates
 Application questions
• GROUP 1. WHY MUM ALWAYS ASKS US TO EAT SLOWLY & CHEW
FOOD PROPERLY?

• GROUP 2. DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE BRAIN.. What do you

understand from this statement? Explain in your own words.

• GROUP 3. WHY DOES TAKING MEAL BEFORE SLEEP AND EAT A LOT
MAKE US BECOME FAT?

• GROUP 4. WHAT DO YOU THINK MIGHT HAPPEN TO THOSE WITH

DAMAGED PANCREAS?

• GROUP 5. WHY BABY NEEDS DIFFERENT MEAL THAN THE ADULTS?

Discuss in the manner of food digestion.
~ END ~