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A Half-Day Seminar on M-I SWACO Drilling Fluid Systems and Products for the National Iranian Drilling Company
Thursday 8th December 2005
Presented by
Mark Sanders UK Technical Services
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Oil-based fluids
Invert Emulsion Fluids (VERSACLEAN) All Oil fluids (TRUDRIL) High Temperature Fluids (VERSATHERM)
Synthetic-based fluids
Ester IO (NOVAPLUS) LAO (NOVAPRO, NOVATEC and RHELIANT) Paraffin (PARADRIL, PARALAND) High Temperature Fluids (PARATHERM)
Brines
Oil Phase Diesel low-toxicity mineral oil - paraffin - ester - olefins Brine Phase CaCl2 or NaCl Emulsifiers / Wetting agents fatty acids - amidoamines Imidazolines Density Barite - Calcium Carbonate Hematite - Ilmenite Viscosity Organoclays Rheological modifiers Fluid Loss FL 170, Synthetic Polymers Alkalinity Lime
0.85
Af
0.80
0.75
DEPTH ( FT )
Water Activity
Small scale strain test with Pierre 1 shale
0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 0 200 400 600 Tim e (m ins) 800 1000 1200
% Linear expansion
0.95 Aw 0.85 Aw
OBM - Engineering
Emulsion and oil-wetting
Es, water in filtrate
Drilling sand and shale Drilling salt Solids control equipment Rig preparation
Need to minimise surface losses and transfer losses
Water-based Fluids
Water
Freshwater - seawater - KCl - Saturated NaCl
Density
Barite - Calcium Carbonate -Iron Carbonate - Hematite - Ilmenite
Viscosity
Biopolymers - CMC - PAC - Guar - Bentonite (or other clays) - synthetic polymers
Dispersants
modified polyacrylates - lignosulphonates -
Fluid Loss
synthetic polymers - carboxymethyl celulluse - polyanionic cellulose - starch bentonite - modified lignites (HT) -asphalt (HT) - resins (HT)
Inhibition
Glycols - silicate - KCl - Gypsum Ultracap - Ultrahib - and other
pH Control
NaOH MgO - Ca(OH)2 - Citric acid - NaHCO3
Other
Bactericides - lubricants - LCM - polymer temperature stabilisers - corrosion control (oxygen scavengers, filming agents)
OBM vs WBM
Shale Inhibition
Formation Protection Lubricity
Oil Based Mud Ester Based SOBM LAO SOBM KCl/PHPA WBM Glycol System
Thermal Stability
Tolerance to Contaminants
Environmental Footprint
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GLYDRIL
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GLYDRIL
STANDARD MUD SYSTEM
KCl/Glycol/Polymer systems used as standard WBM for both exploration and production drilling. High success rate with few wellbore problems. Low fluid costs associated with high mud re-use. Adaptable fluid formulations to meet drilling and environmental demands
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NaCl or KCl Brine DUOVIS PAC R and/or UL Starch HIBTROL Glycol @ 3 5 % v/v pH Control Weighting Agent
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GLYDRIL
Benefits Environmentally acceptable Safe Handling for Rig Crews Good Shale inhibition Good wellbore stability Good Lubricity Lower Cost per Ft
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SILDRIL
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Silicate-based Fluids
essentially a polymerbased system utilizes silicate chemistry for inhibition Used primarily for drilling troublesome shale sections
Strongly minimises shale hydration and improves formation integrity In some applications, these systems can be used as an economic and environmental replacement for oilbase muds
BEFORE AFTER
Soluble Silicates
Soluble Silicates are the metal salts of Silica Acid that exist in multiple polymeric forms in solution. Amorphous solids and powders are also manufactured. All silicates contain three basic components:
Silica -- SiO2 (Sand) Alkali -- Na2O or K2O (Soda Ash or Pot Carb) Water -- H2O
O O Si
O Si O O O O Si
O O
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pH/Alkalinity
Silicates are alkaline materials (ie. pH range from 11.0 to 13.5) Silicate species need a pH >10.7 to remain soluble in solution pH of silicate solutions is maintained until almost complete neutralization
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Precipitation
Soluble Silicates can react with all multivalent cationic metal ions to form the corresponding insoluble metal silicate, depending on reaction conditions
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The glassy nature of silicates imparts strong and rigid physical coating to surfaces
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% RECOVERY
100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0
FW / POLYPLUS KCl / POLYPLUS CALDRIL GLYDRIL GLYDRIL PLUS SILDRIL SILDRIL / GLYDRIL SILDRIL / SIL-LUBE INVERT EMULSION FLUID
SILDRIL Inhibition
HIGHLY DISPERSIVE SHALES REACTIVE SHALES (High Smectite Content)
SILDRIL Composition
Silicate - primary shale inhibitor (provides water barrier) Potassium - secondary shale inhibitor (reduces swelling) Biopolymer - rheology control PAC / Starch - provides fluid loss control Compatible with conventional anionic and non-ionic fluid additives Used with mono-valent salts (KCl & NaCl)
Silicate-base fluids were used decades ago. Now, proper formulation and engineering design allow their successful use.
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SILDRIL Experience
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SILDRIL - Experience
Minimum down-time attributed to formation chemical instability Minimal bit balling problems In-gauge wellbore for optimum cement jobs Excellent cuttings integrity for geology interpretation and for effective removal by the solids control equipment High solids removal efficiency, comparable to invert emulsion fluids Minimal environmental impact: uses all environmentally friendly products Minimal environmental impact: reduced discharges. Low dilution rates, which are also beneficial with regard to waste control and management. Ease of formation identification.
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