PSZ Research Information Training Modules

Sumber Maklumat
Penyelidikan :

INTERNET

Updated : April 2005

 Objektif Pencarian
Maklumat
INTERNET :
Mengumpul maklumat bidang penyelidikan melalui
pelbagai sumber maklumat daripada Internet

Mahir menggabung & menggunakan teknik

pencarian maklumat Internet utk memperoleh
maklumat terkini

 ‘surfing’ Internet bagi menjana maklumat

penyelidikan
 Isi kandungan
Pengenalan

Aplikasi Internet

Tips Pencarian Maklumat melalui

INTERNET

Teknik Pencarian Maklumat Internet

 Pengenalan

World Wide Web (WWW)

HTTP
Protokol :
definisi: sets of rules allow for (HyperText Transfer
intermachine communication on the
Internet. Protocol)

Dihasilkan melalui : HTML ( bhs aturcara)

Lain-lain bhs aturcara : Java, JavaScript, XML

dll
 Internet Service
Provider
MIMOS - JARING Network http://www.jaring
.my

Telekom Malaysia – TMNet

http://www.telekom.com.my

Maxis Malaysia -
http://www.maxis.net.my/

http://www.putra.net.my/

Silicon Internet
http://www.silicon.net.my
 Aplikasi INTERNET
• Telnet
• WS-FTP
• E-mail discussion groups
• WS-Ping
• Netscape Navigator/Communicator
• MicroSoft Internet Explorer
• Mosaic
• Pegasus/Eudora Mail/MS OutLook
• mIRC
 Aplikasi
INTERNET

TELNET : benarkan penggunaan pangkalan data atas

talian, katalog perpustakaan melalui Internet.
-- Hanya teks
-- Perlu kenalpasti alamat utk log ke telnet,cth
locis.loc.gov atau no (140.147.254.3) atau port no :
telnet nri.reston.va.us 185.

FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) : mengandungi sumber

maklumat buku, artikel, sofwer, games, multimedia,
course work, dll
-- boleh perolehi fail FTP files melalui enjin pencarian,
cth
CGI, ActiveEngine
FTP Search Server http://acadien.com/search/
Pages: CGI (Common Gateway
Interface)
-- program utk memproses borang di laman web.
-- Cth. memproses borang tempahan Amazon.com
 Aplikasi
INTERNET

E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS

sumber maklumat penyelidikan boleh diperolehi melalui
kumpulan diskusi online. Cth
-- listservs : Tile.net http://tile.net/

-- Majordomo and Listproc

active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums
distributed by e-mail.

-- Usenet News
- a global electronic bulletin board system
- computer users exchange information on a vast range of
topics
- Usenet is a set of machines that exchanges messages, or
articles, from Usenet discussion forums, called
newsgroups.
 Aplikasi
INTERNET
FAQ ( Frequently Asked Questions )
-- FAQs available by subscribing to individual Usenet newsgroups
--- A Web-based collection of FAQ resources has been collected by
The Internet FAQ Consortium at http://www.faqs.org/.

RFC ( Request for Comments )

-- These are documents created by and distributed to the Internet
community to help define the nuts and bolts of the Internet.
-- contain both technical specifications and general information.

FYI (For Your Information )

-- subset RFCs
-- contain information of interest to new Internet users
-- available link : http://library.albany.edu/reference/faqs.html.
 Contoh Aplikasi
INTERNET
 Aplikasi
INTERNET

MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE
MUD ( Multi User Dimension )
-- multi-user virtual reality games based
-- kini ada dlm bentuk grafik
-- maklumat boleh dilayari di http://www.faqs.org/
 Tips Pencarian
Maklumat melalui
INTERNET
 Tips pencarian INTERNET
 Sumber maklumat terpilih Internet
 Panduan Memilih Alat Pencarian Maklumat
 TIPS PENCARIAN INTERNET
1. KENALPASTI TOPIK APA yang diingini
sebelum memilih alat pencarian
2. 3 sumber utama perolehan sumber maklumat
Internet :
-- subject directory (direktori perkara)
-- search engine (enjin pencarian)
-- deep Web ( pangkalan data di dalam
Internet)
subject directory sesuai utk research
oriented queries, (yang melibatkan ekplorasi
mengenai sesuatu topik) http://infomine.ucr.edu/
search engine sesuai untuk pencarian am,
multi-konsep dan targeted queries
 TIPS PENCARIAN INTERNET
No 2 samb
Deep Web sesuai utk targeted queries
/ apabila mencari maklumat non-tekstual cth
http://www.invinsible-web.net/

Komponen Enjin Pencarian

•Spider: Program yg melalui Web drp link ke link
utk kenalpasti & membaca setiap laman berkenaan

•Index: Pangkalan data yg mengandungi salinan

setiap laman Web yang telah dikumpul oleh Spider

•Search engine mechanism: Softwer yang

benarkan pengguna membuat aktiviti pencarian
and hasil pencarian akan dipaparkan mengikut
turutan yang relevan Cth :
 TIPS PENCARIAN INTERNET

3. Mahir gunakan Boolean (AND, OR, NOT) sangat bermanafaat

dalam membuat pencarian di Web

4. Mahir menggunakan lain-lain strategi pencarian membantu

pengguna mendapatkan lebih banyak maklumat yang relevan

5. Meta search engines mencari maklumat secara serentak

daripada pelbagai enjin pencarian di dalam Web. Dikenali juga
sbg : parallel search engines, multithreaded search engines,
mega search engines

-- sangat berguna bila :

• topik anda samar
• tidak berjumpa apa pun maklumat berkaitan topik
• pencarian tidak begitu kompleks
• anda hanya mahu sebahagian kecil sahaja maklumat
yang relevan
Cadangan laman web untuk memperolehi maklumat awal
mengikut bidang penyelidikan / pengajian
 The Librarians' Index to the Internet. http://lii.org/. Dikenali
sebagai “ the thinking person's Yahoo.“

The WWW Virtual Library -- http://www.vlib.org/

Mengandungi individual subject collections; diurus oleh
pelbagai universiti di seluruh pelusuk dunia

INFOMINE -- http://infomine.ucr.edu/ Large directory of Web

sites of scholarly interest compiled by the University of
California.
Cadangan Search engines untuk
memperolehi maklumat awal
mengikut bidang penyelidikan /
pengajian

Google.
Teoma.
Ixquick
Vivisimo
ProFusion.
Link: http://ixquick.com/
Virtual Learning Centres http://www.virtuallrc.com/
Link http://www.teoma.com/
Link http://vivisimo.com/
link http://www.profusion.com/

Termasuk bidang Sains &

Teknologi
 SUMBER MAKLUMAT TERPILIH INTERNET

• Subject directories
• Web search engines
• Meta search engines
• Maklumat yang disimpan di dalam pangkalan data
‘live’ deep Web
• Sertai e-mail discussion groups atau Usenet
newsgroup utk dapatkan maklumat penyelidikan
 Panduan Memilih Alat Pencarian
Maklumat
Jenis Pencarian Cadangan ‘Tools’
Topik secara umum Gunakan Subjek
Mencari pelbagai aspek topik direktories ; utk
penyelidikan akademik &
Mencari koleksi laman yg profesional
dicadang oleh pakar
Mahu ‘browse’ lain-lain
‘possibilities’ topik
Mencari aspek topik Gunakan clustering
penyelidikan melalui senarai search engines;
tersusun , bukan senarai yg iBoogie, GuideBeam,
berjela-jela Query Server,
Mahu hasil pencarian disusun Vivisimo
secara ‘clustering concept’
 Panduan Memilih Alat Pencarian
Jenis PencarianMaklumat
Cadangan ‘Tools’

Topik bersifat lebih spesifik Gunakan :

Topik mengandungi lebih daripada  Peer ranking search
satu konsep engines ( googles,
Topik masih samar Teoma)
mencari laman web yang spesifik  Search engines
Mencari domain tertentu, jenis fail, umum
lokasi geografi dll  Meta search engines
(fazzle, ixquick, dll)

Mencari istilah pencarian tertentu , Gunakan thesaurus-

cth persoalan ‘apa istilah pencarian creating search engines
yg patut saya gunakan untuk ( SurfWax )
menyelidik topik saya?
Istilah pencarian masih kabur
 Panduan Memilih Alat Pencarian
Jenis Pencarian Maklumat
Cadangan ‘Tools’

Mencari maklumat yang sering Gunakan Deep Web:

berubah (cth harga saham, senarai  specialized search
peguam dll) engines
 (FindSounds.com,
Mencari maklumat terkini sesuatu SpeechBot, dll)
topik Specialized search
offerings (AltVista,
Mencari non-textual files (sofwer, Hotbot )
grafik, multimedia, pdf files, dll) Search Engines Umum
Directories
Mencari maklumat berbentuk Koleksi pkln data Web
pangkalan data ( cth direktori, buku (Invisible-web.net,
panduan telefon dll) ProFusion, Turbo10)
 Teknik Pencarian
Maklumat Internet
Penggunaan Konsep Boolean
 PENGENALAN
 Internet adalah GEDUNG BESAR
Pangkalan Data

 Oleh itu, untuk mencari isi kandungan

Internet perlu menggunakan kaedah
pencarian pangkalan data

 Pencarian maklumat pangkalan data

menggunakan konsep Boolean (AND,
OR, NOT )
3 Aplikasi Boolean Internet :

1. Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT)

-- Contoh web :AllTheWeb Advanced Search ; Dogpile ;
HotBot ; Ixquick ; ProFusion
-- Full Boolean logic with parentheses, cth.
behavior and (cats or felines) Ixquick ;
MSN Search Advanced Search

8. Implied Boolean +/-

Contoh web : AllTheWeb Advanced Search ;
AltaVista More Precision Google Advanced Search ;
Lycos Advanced Search ;
MSN Search Advanced Search
 Full Boolean Vs Implied Boolean Vs Template Terminology

Full Boolean Implied Template

Boolean Terminology
Konsep AND, OR NOT + ,-, (), “ - template is fill by
(by words) “ user
(by symbol) -Boolean menu is
OR College and College provided
- any of these words
universities universities can contain the words
should contain the
words
AND poverty AND +poverty - all of these words
crime +crime must contain the
words
NOT or Poverty NOT Poverty - must not contain the
ANDNOT crime - crime words
- should not contain
the words
 Pemilihan Enjin
Pencarian /
Direktori Internet

Klik di sini untuk melihat panduan memilih enjin p

yang
sesuai untuk aktiviti pencarian maklumat
 Senarai Meta Search Engines
Chubba – maklumat dictionary/thesaurus & encyclopedia
•Copernic – maklumat multiple engines &directories;
removes duplicates and dead links,; highlights search
terms & variety of search & retrieval options
Dogpile – maklumat drp 20+ search engines. Ada
clustering hasil pencarian melalui keyword atau topik
Fazzle - maklumat several search services on the Web,
downloads, images, video & maklumat dari deep Web
•GenieKnows - 25+ engines and directories ; sources to
search on consumer input; searches of multimedia types
iBoogie – maklumat drp Web & multimedia ; real-time
concept clustering of results
 Senarai Meta Search Engines
•InfoGrid – meta & news searching; maklumat drp
Open Directory, topical InfoGrids, free download
•Infonetware - categorizes search results into
component subtopics with options to select multiple
topics for a new set of topics and a filtered results list
•Ithaki - searches engines, directories, and also
numerous deep Web sources
Ixquick - search engines, directories, news and MP3
files; ranks results based on top ten rankings from the
source sites; allows any type of search syntax and will
translate and direct your search accordingly
 Senarai Meta Search Engines
•Kartoo - categorizes content into relevant concepts and
sites and displays results on a graphical map; requires
Flash or offers an HTML version

Virtual Learning Resources Center

- searches several high quality directories; also offers its
own directory

Vivisimo - searches multiple engines and directories and

organizes results into topical categories

•ZapMeta - organizes results by relevance, popularity,

 Senarai Deep Web

http://www.invisibleweb.com/

http://www.invisible-web.net/
Directory of over 10,000 databases by
InteliSeek

http://www.search.com/
Directory of high quality databases on the Web
especially useful to researchers by
Search.Com
 Direktori Web Akademic & Professional
Academic Info– link kepada maklumat penyelidikan
berdasarkan sumber maklumat Internet. Mengandungi
pembahagian bidang perkara.
http://www.academicinfo.net/

•AllLearn: Academic Directories – panduan maklumat dalam

Internet berkaitan dengan subjek di bidang akademik oleh
Oxford, Stanford, and Yale Universities
http://www.allianceforlifelonglearning.org/er/directories.
cgi

•The Best Information on the Net (BIOTN) – koleksi sumber

maklumat akademik di St. Ambrose University (Iowa)
http://library.sau.edu/bestinfo/Default.htm
 Direktori Web Akademik & Professional

•InfoSurf - academic subject resources from the University of

California at Santa Barbara

•The Internet Public Library - large, selective collection from the

University of Michigan

•Librarians' Index to the Internet - carefully chosen, organized,

and annotated directory
•maintained by a large group of librarians in California
 Direktori Web Akademik & Professional
•The Scout Report Archives - searchable database of 10,000+
critical summaries of Internet resources for the academic and
research community included in the Scout Reports

•Scout Select Bookmarks - collection of meta-sites in several

subject areas

•Subject Guides A to Z - extensive collection of subject pages

from the University of Delaware Library

•The WWW Virtual Library - highly respected guides to many

disciplines sponsored by the W3 Consortium

•http://www.terrapub.co.jp/ - free full text content from Terrra

Scientific Pub.Co, Japan
 Direktori Web Akademik & Professional
•BUBL Link - UK funded project of selective resources from the
University of Strathclyde Library in Glasgow, Scotland http://
bubl.ac.uk/link/

•INFOMINE - collection of scholarly Internet resources ,

maintained by several libraries, including those from the
University of California http://infomine.ucr.edu/

•Resource Discovery Network - searchable interface to major

meta-sites in academic disciplines
• including Business, EEVL - Engineering, Mathmatics
and Computing, Humbul Humanities Hub, PsiGate
- Physical Sciences Information Gateway, and
SOSIG - Social Science Information Gateway. See also
PINAKES, A Subject Launchpad for another way into these
42
sites
 TERIMA KASIH !
Jabatan Sokongan Penyelidikan
PSZ 2005

Rujukan : Cohen, Laura (2004) . Internet Tutorial. University Albany;

New York.
link : http://library.albany.edu/internet/

Contact no : 07-5530199 / 30027 / 30076 / 30280