Group

Do Quoc Toan Phu Xuan Thai Nguyen Cong Tan Nguyen Thanh Trung Timo Trautwein

Aggregates for Materials

Natural aggreg ates
Reused Byproducts

Manufactured aggregates

Recycled aggregates

2.1. Foamed blast furnace slag (FBS)

2.2. Fly ash aggregates (FAA)

2.3. Manufactured sand (MS)

2.4. Polystyrene aggregate (PA)

Description

Applications and limitations

- A by-product of iron slag - Was produced fist in Germany - Not available in Australia

- Used as aggregates in concrete block and in insulating concrete - Foamed slag (2000 kg/m3) => concrete 30 Mpa - Production contributes less to the air pollution than the normal does

Description

Applications and limitations

- Pelletizing and firing fly ash at - controlled An industrial temperature by-product-> (which is recognized synthetic aggregate as an - Synthetic environmental aggregate pollutant) has - specific Several lightweight gravity: concrete +1.20-1.47 aggregates can by product +bulk from density: fly ash650-790 kg/m3 +water absorption: 16-24.8%

- Small density: 1740-1840 kg/m3 (contain fly ash) compared with 2400 kg/m3 (natural aggregates) - Spend more cement to reach the same structure grade (25 Mpa) - Elastic modulus: 14-17 Mpa compared with 28-30 Mpa

Description

Applications and limitations

- A purpose-made crushed fine aggregate produced from a suitable source material - The research of CCAA: the specification of manufactured sands in term of density, grading, particle shape - The R&D project of RTA: specification for natural and manufactured sands for asphalt and concrete mixes

- Concrete 1 (fine sand : manufactured sand = 1:1) more workable than Concrete 2 (natural sand) - Manufactured sand can be used to replace a major proportion of natural sand with no significant loss of performance

Description

Applications and limitations

- Used in combination with normal weight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete - Concrete using PA : 1600-2000 kg/m3; higher elastic modulus; density and creep are inverse ratio

A comprehensive range of engineering properties of concrete made with such aggregate and many examples of their applications in Australia have ben reported

1.Recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)

2.Recycle concrete and mansonry(RCM)

3.Reclaimed aggregate(RAP)

4.Reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)

Description

+ RCA is produced by crushing sound,clean demolition waste of at least 955 by concrete weight and have total contaminant level typically lower than 1% of bulk mass. + Gravel,crushed stone,hydraulic-cement concrete or suitable combination for premix concrete production. Application: + Replacement for virgin materials(up to 30% of coarse RCA) for non-strctural concrete. + Stabilization base and sub base. Advantages: + The same carbonation rate + Lower specific weight than control concrete + Save cement and natural material + Similar flexural strength Disadvantages: + Higher permeability ,water absorption, dry shrinkage and creep + Higher chloride ion absorption and gas permeability. + Lower compressive strength

Description

+ RCM is graded aggregatee conducted from sorted and clean waste concrete and masonry. + The material may contain small quantities of brick,gravel,crushed rock or other forms of stony. Application: + Road sub-base applications. Advantages: + Lower specific weight than control concrete + Save cement and natural material Disadvantages: + Higher chloride more swelling and creep +Lower workability. + Lower compressive strength than RCA concrete. + Difficulty in controling water content because of high water absorption.

Description + Aggregates can be obtained by saparating aggregates from watercement slurry. + Must be handled to avoid segregation. Application: + replacement in a new mix.(100% RA can be used for 32 Mpa concrete) + Partial replacement for natural aggregate in HSC. Advantages: + Enhance the strength + Save cement and natural material Disadvantages: +Lower workability.

Description

+ RAP is reuse of old asfalt concretes as the aggregates base for new
asphaltic concrete. Application and limitations:

RTA QA Spec R116 Asphalt permits the use of up to 15% reclaimed asphalt pavement. Increases in recycled content will be considered when performance implications of the current amendment are demonstrated.