Central Locking

Power door locks (also known as electric door locks or central locking) allow the driver or front passenger to simultaneously lock or unlock all the doors of an automobile or truck, by pressing a button or flipping a switch.

Remote Keyless System

Today, many cars with power door locks also have a radio frequency remote keyless system, which allows a person to press a button on a remote control key fob.

RKS
In the case of automobiles an RKS performs the functions of a standard car key without physical contact; power door locks can be locked or unlocked from several feet away or even from inside a building. In this regard, the term "keyless" is a misnomer since the fob acts as an electronic key. Locking it in the car is just as much of a problem as doing the same with a mechanical key.

 Remote keyless systems operate by broadcasting radio waves on a particular frequency. Most RKEs work on 315 MHz in North America and Japan, and 433.92 MHz in Europe. Modern systems implement encryption to prevent car thieves from intercepting and spoofing the signal. The system signals that it has either locked or unlocked the car usually through some fairly discreet combination of flashing vehicle lamps, a distinctive sound other than the horn, or some usage of the horn itself. A typical setup on cars is to have the horn or other sound chirp twice to signify that the car has been unlocked, and chirp once to indicate the car has been locked.

Range
The operating range of keyless remotes varies widely between manufacturers. E.g., Ford use 20 m for Europe and North America and 5m for Japan and other markets where the transmitted power restrictions are much greater

Types
The two most common remote keylessentry devices are: The fob that goes on with key ring to lock and unlock the car doors (Many of these fobs also arm and disarm a car alarm system.)

DIP Switch type

A DIP switch has eight tiny switches arranged in a small package and soldered to the circuit board. By setting the DIP switches inside the transmitter, to control the code that the transmitter sent

Modern System

The controller chip in any modern controller uses something called a hopping code or a rolling code to provide security.

Working
The transmitter's controller chip has a memory location that holds the current 40-bit code. By pushing a button on the key fob, it sends that 40-bit code along with a function code that tells the car what to do ie.(lock the doors, unlock the doors, open the trunk, etc.). The receiver's controller chip also has a memory location that holds the current 40-bit code. If the receiver gets the 40-bit code it expects, then it performs the requested function. If not, it does nothing.

Synchronization
Both the transmitter and the receiver use the same pseudo-random number generator. When the transmitter sends a 40-bit code, it uses the pseudorandom number generator to pick a new code, which it stores in memory. On the other end, when the receiver receives a valid code, it uses the same pseudo-random number generator to pick a new one. In this way, the transmitter and the receiver are synchronized. The receiver only opens the door if it receives the code it expects