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Ron Gatepain
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Foresee and provide against difficulties that may arise during construction due to ground and other local conditions Predict any adverse effect of the proposed construction on neighbouring structures.
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Met Office - frost hollows, prevailing winds and severity, rain fall. Water Authorities - water tables, flood planes. Planning and Building Control. (tree preservation orders) Utilities - gas, water, electricity, British Telecom, sewage. Listed and historical buildings.
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Site Exploration
The aim is to provide a survey of the subsoil in order to find out the nature and disposition of the soil below ground level, and to obtain samples of the soil for testing in the laboratory The exploration should be done at the same time as the preliminary design of the building; this prevents obtaining insufficient or unwanted data. constructionsite
The extent of the exploration will depend on the size and type of structure, the nature of the site, and the availability of local geological information. The exploration should be taken deep enough to include all strata likely to be significantly affected by the loading of the building. This depth will depend on the weight, size and shape of the loaded areas.
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Borings
Hand Boring - depths up to 6 to 9m auger is usually 100 - 150mm in diameter Mechanical Boring Borehole Log
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Soil Samples
Disturbed brings out the soil particles but does not keep them in their original position Undisturbed brings out the core of soil as it is in the ground
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Headings
Soil is taken from the side of the ground to be sent for testing
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Sounding Test
The devise is driven into the ground and the pressure recorded
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Vane Test
The vane is twisted in the ground and the torque measured which causes the ground to shear
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Laboratory Tests
Soil Classification. Consolidation Tests. These enable time/settlement graphs to be drawn so that the rate of settlement and its total final amount can be forecast. Shear Strength Tests. An important group of tests as they indicate the load carrying capabilities of the soils. They are particularly significant in the case of plastic clays as, in these, shear strength is constant at a given moisture content: thus, if shear strength is exceeded, failure is likely.
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Chemical Analysis. This will indicate the presence of harmful compounds in the subsoil/ground water: these compounds will usually be sulphates or acids. If present they will affect the choice of materials and/or methods; e.g. sulphate resisting or blast furnace cement in foundation concrete; use of separating membrane; use of non-metallic pipes in acid soils. Moisture Content Tests. Done as part of the classification test, but also needed to forecast likely volume changes when building on shrinkable/swelling clays.
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Other Tests
Atterburg Limits Mohr's Circles Bulbs of Pressure
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