PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN OF SITE REMEDIATION FACILITIES

EVT 627 HAZARDOUS WASTE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Learning Outcomes
At the end of lectures week 11 student will Able to describe the objectives, status, types and principle of remediation technology Be able to identify the important of remedial technology Be able to understand the concept of feasibility study in remediation process

CONTENT
Introduction Remedial Objective Remedial Investigation Remedial Technology
Groundwater Control: Vertical Barriers Groundwater Control: Horizontal Barriers Soil Vapor Extraction Other Remedial Technologies

INTRODUCTION
In the United States, more than 60,000 sites have been identified that are potential threats t the public health and/or the environment. By 1997, over 1,400 sites had been listed for cleanup by their addition to the National Priorities List under Superfund. In UK, up to 100,000 sites are registered as sites with contaminated land uses was expected to be generate. Include some risk of contaminant migration in the subsurface. Interestingly, it was never complete.

REMEDIAL OBJECTIVE
To render the site safe for its intended future use. Must minimize or eliminate the hazard to human health and environment.
The question of risk must be address and the selection of remedial alternatives will be influenced by their ability to reduce the risk.

 Risk-based corrective action (RBCA)-to select the appropriate remedial action program. Must recognize a certain degree of uncertainty observational approach:
Remedial design based on the most probable site condition Identification of parameters to monitor and confirm conditions and performance of the remedial design Contingency plans for potential deviations

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)

A remedial investigation (RI) is conducted at a facility to determine the extent of contamination and the risks to public health, welfare and the environment. The remedial investigation serves as the mechanism for collecting data to:
characterize site conditions; determine the nature of the waste; assess risk to human health and the environment; and conduct treatability testing to evaluate the potential performance and cost of the treatment technologies that are being considered.

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)

The Feasibility Study (FS) is the mechanism for the development, screening, and detailed evaluation of alternative remedial actions. The RI and FS are conducted concurrently Data collected in the RI influence the development of remedial alternatives in the FS, which in turn affect the data needs and scope of treatability studies and additional field investigations. This phased approach encourages the continual scoping of the site characterization effort, which minimizes the collection of unnecessary data and maximizes data quality.

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION (RI)

The RI/FS process includes these phases:
Scoping Site Characterization Development and Screening of Alternatives Treatability Investigations and Detailed Analysis

Learning Outcomes
At the end of lecture of week 12 student will Be able to describe the technology for remediation Be able to understand the differences of vertical and horizontal barriers Be able to identify others remediation technology

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS

Employed to contain contaminants or to redirect groundwater flow. Vertical barrier techniques:

Slurry trench cutoff walls Grout curtains Steel sheet piling Deep soil-mixed walls Vibrating beam cutoff walls, etc.

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS
Function of vertical barriers-to inhibit the flow of clean groundwater to the site. Used with groundwater extraction and treatment system. Types of vertical barriers system:
Circumferential cutoff walls Upgradient vertical barriers Down-gradient vertical barriers

Embedment of vertical barrier walls:

Keyed vertical barrier wall Hanging vertical barrier wall

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS Circumferential cutoff walls

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS Upgradient vertical barriers

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS Down-gradient vertical barriers

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS

Embedment of vertical barrier walls:

Keyed vertical barrier wall

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: VERTICAL BARRIERS

Embedment of vertical barrier walls:

Hanging vertical barrier wall

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS

Same purpose with vertical barriers Types:

Grouted liner system Block Displacement Technique Lagoon-Sealing Techniques

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS

Grouted Liner System well establish technology The grout is injected uniformly in plan view to the desired depth beneath the site. Successfully used to control the influx of groundwater in excavation

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS

Block Displacement Technique

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
GROUNDWATER CONTROL: HORIZONTAL BARRIERS

Lagoon-Sealing Technique To reduce the leakage from the bottom of lagoon Material used to construct:
Bentonite
A high-swelling clay Can be produced in a granular form

When spread over the surface of lagoon, the granules sink and form a blanket over the lagoon bottom.

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE)
Utilized to remove VOC from soils in the vadose zone The process consist of passing an air stream through the soil, thereby transferring the contaminants from the soil matrix to the air system. Implemented by installing vapor extraction wells in the one of contamination and applying a vacuum to induce the movement of soil gases. Typically include knockout drums to remove moisture from the soil gases, followed by vapor phase treatment to discharge to the atmosphere.

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY
SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE)

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES

- Excavation and Disposal
- Simple and often applied - Excavate the site and dispose of the materials at another location. - Also known as dig-and-dump (UK) - Excavation equipment: draglines, backhoes, bulldozers, loaders, etc. - Transportation is usually in containerized vehicles with adequate protection against spillage and leakage - Fastest method to remediate a site

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES

Soil Washing Cost-effective technologies to handle such large volumes of contaminated materials. Washing may be with water, solvents, aqueous extraction agents, or even air. May be done on the entire soil/sediment matrix or on selected portions containing the contaminants that are separated from the clean portion by fractionation.

REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY OTHER REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES

Low-Temperature Soil Treatment Remediate soil contaminated with organic Soil is heated to 300-400 F. Air is blown through the soil as a carrier for desorbed organics, then captured and treated, typically by condensation. Remove efficiency-88% of VOC.

THE END