Musical Instrument

Andrea Badua Period 2 Ms. Buenconsejo Physics

Introduction
The lesson we are currently learning has to do with waves. There are many types of waves such as transverse, longitudinal, electromagnetic, and mechanical.
Sound is a longitudinal wave and also a mechanical wave. Mechanical because requires a medium through which they must travel.

The Challenge
-To design and construct a musical instrument made of a shoe/ tissue box, paper towel tube, rubber bands, popsicle stick, paper fastener, and construction paper. -Explain the physics of music. Explain why there are variations in sound among instruments and among voices. Problem: How can I make a replica of a working guitar out of a tissue box, towel tube, and rubber bands?

Hypothesis: If I use the rubber bands as strings with different widths, the sound will vary from it being thick (low pitch) to thin (high pitch).

Materials & Design

-Shoe/Tissue Box -Paper Towel Tube -Rubber Band -Popsicle Sticks -Paper Fastener -Construction Paper

Procedures
-Puncture a hole on the side of the tissue box for the towel tube -Wrap both box and tube with construction paper -Puncture four holes through the towel tube for the popsicle sticks -Then hot glue gun popsicle sticks on the tissue box as well -Place fastening pins on the tissue box

-Wrap the rubber bands on the fastening pins then stretch each individual rubber band to each individual popsicle stick.

Physics of Music
-Sound is a wave that is created by vibrating objects through a medium from one location to another. -The medium is the material through which the disturbance is moving. The medium for sound is air, though it could also be water or steel. -The sound (disturbance) could be created by the vibration of the vocal cords of a person, or the vibration of a string of a guitar or violin. -The sound is transported from one location to another by means of particle to particle interaction.

Summary and Conclusion

-In conclusion, my hypothesis was correct. -By using different widths for each rubber band, it was able to produce a different sound because of the pitch variations. -Rubber bands make a good replacement that are similar to real strings on guitars because when plucked, the vibration was able to make sounds. -Now if we used a plain string for this project, then it wouldn't be able to work even when stretched out because the elasticity of the string is weak, so there is not much sound. -So what I conclude about this is that sound comes from vibrations. These vibrations create sound waves which move through mediums such as air and water before reaching our ears.

Reflection
-This was a fun project to do. -Mainly because it had to do with music. -I learned the importance of width and material types and how imperative they were in making instruments due to the fact that they are able to change the pitch of sound.

3 Safety Lab Rules

-Do not point the hot glue gun at others. -No horseplay while conducting experiment. -Do not aim the rubber bands or attempt to fling it at someone else.

Global Issue
-As we progress in time, different genres of music are created -While there are creation of new genres, some genres are actually dying -For example, classical music.

-Reasons for the death of classical music

would be: +Recent labor disputes of American orchestras due to decreased budgets and donor support. +The reduction or cancellation of opera, tours, and concerts in the parks. +The end of classical music radio stations across America. +The increased media focus on rock and pop superstars while classical music managements have difficulty booking concerts for their artists.