Definition:

In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step

beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.

 What does a spinning machine do.?

 The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table.

The cutting tool held properly in the tool post is

mounted on a spindle. The forward motion of the spindle is obtained by a Single acting pneumatic cylinder. As the spindle rotates, the tool reshape the material during its forward stroke.

 Pneumatics is a section of technology that deals with the

study and application of pressurized gas to produce mechanical motion. Pneumatic systems are used extensively in industry, and factories are commonly plumbed with compressed air or compressed inert gases. This is because a centrally located and electrically powered compressor that powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid valves can often provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and more reliable way than a large number of electric motors and actuators.

 An air cylinder, or air actuator, is a way to use compressed

air to provide a push or pull movement. An air cylinder consists, as the name suggests, of a cylinder, a plunger and an arm. The plunger is sized to fit the cylinder exactly, creating an airtight seal. There are two types of cylinder: single-acting cylinders and double-acting cylinders. In a single-acting cylinder, there is a port at one end and an exhaust at the other. In a double-acting cylinder, there is a port at each end.

 The push or pull action is achieved when compressed

air is channeled into one of the cylinder ports. The air expands and fills the cylinder, pushing the plunger until it reaches the other end. The force that a cylinder can lift is determined by the air pressure the compressor is producing in PSI (pounds per square inch) multiplied by the area of the plunger. A larger cylinder with a large plunger can lift more than a smaller cylinder at the same air pressure.

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 Working limits of this machines are controlled by limit

switches. A limit switch is an electromechanical device that consists of an actuator mechanically linked to a set of contacts. When an object comes into contact with the actuator, the device operates the contacts to make or break an electrical connection. They can determine the presence or absence, passing, positioning, and end of travel of an object. They were first used to define the limit of travel of an object; hence the name Limit Switch.

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Increased throughput or productivity. Improved quality or increased predictability of quality. Improved robustness (consistency), of processes or product. Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses. Increased consistency of output.

Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have a limited level of intelligence, and is therefore more susceptible to committing errors outside of its immediate scope of knowledge. High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant typically requires a very large initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation may be spread among many products and over time.