IRES designing through linear programming

PAPER 1

Objective
Employing a LP approach to develop a method for design of IRES. Minimization of the objective function of total annual cost, s/t energy and power constraint.

Need of IRES
Increasing demand of energy. Reduction in conventional sources of energy. To provide economical and sustainable power to the remote and slum areas. To reduce the power cuts.

Problem Description
Resources :

Biomass Solar radiation Wind energy Micro hydro Solar heat

Medium grade thermal energy Rotating mechanical shaft Ac electricity Dc electricity Low grade thermal energy

Task :

Resource task matching

Simple concept : N= no. of task M= no. of resources Then, no of combinations M x N . IRES concept : - either convert all the resources to one convenient form for all task. - or use each resource in a most convenient and efficient from R-T combination.

 To minimize the total cost per year we need to find out :

Quantities of the various resources required per year.

where , X1= total vol. of biogas in cubic meter. X2= PV array area in square meter. X3= swept area of wind turbines in square meter. X4= vol. of water in cubic meter in per year. X5= solar thermal collector area in cubic meter.

Energy equivalent of the various resources =

Where, Ei = total energy derived per year from the ith resource for all task , KWh Ri= energy equivalent of the ith resource , KWh/sqr m/yr Xi=measure of ith resource required. Xij= part of ith required for the jth task.

System Schematic

Objective function and constraints

Where,

C = total annual cost in dollar aij = cost in dollar/KWh when ith resource is used for jth task. Pij = capital cost of hardware involved in the ith resource- jth task combination $/KWh Tcr,ij = change rate for the ith resource to jth task combination per unit. Kij = load factor for the ith resource - jth task combination.

Continued .

Continued
Where, Uj=total o/p energy rewuired for the jth task in KWh nij = efficiency from point A to B.

Also, Xij must be non negative. di = diversity factor for the task supplied by the ith resource is always greater than 1. Kij= load factor for the ith resource for jth task combination.

 Let a village have 700 people in 120 house and also have 450 cattle and small scale industries and agriculture land. No. of task and resources are 4 : Resources :
Biomass Solar radiation Wind energy Water head

Design example

Task :
Medium grade thermal energy Rotating mechanical shaft Ac electricity Dc electricity

Conclusion
With the linear programming we will finally minimize the cost function derived from the above calculations.