Knowledge Management

Unit 1 Topic 1 Prof. Lavina Singh

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Acc. To Denham Grey, knowledge is the full utilization of information and data, coupled with potential of peoples skills, competencies, ideas, intuitions, commitments , and motivation. In other words knowledge is organized information applicable to problem solving (Woolf,1990).

What is Knowledge?
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wisdom

knowledge information Data

Knowledge Hierarchy
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Data : unorganized and crude facts. Information: collection of data. Knowledge: processed information. Wisdom: awareness of completeness that does not lose sight of particularity or concreteness.

Knowledge hierarchy
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KM can be defined as a systematic discipline and a set of approaches to enable information and knowledge to grow, flow and create value in an organization. This involves people, information , workflows, best practices, alliances, and communities of practice. KM is also broadly understood as any process or practice of creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge wherever it resides to enhance learning and performance in organizations.

What is Knowledge Management(KM)?

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1959----- Peter F. Drucker----- The knowledge worker 1966----- Michael Polyani------ Tacit and Explicit knowledge 1989----- Karl Erik Sveiby----- The Invisible Balance Sheet 1991----- Skandia----- First Corporate Appointment of VP for IP 1995/1996---- First Business Conference---Building awareness of KM 1998---- World Bank----- Chooses KM as topic for annual world development report.

Evolution of KM
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Market places are increasingly competitive and the rate of innovation is rising. Reduction in staffing create a need to replace informal knowledge with formal methods. Competitive pressures reduce the size of the workforce that holds valuable business knowledge. Early retirements and increasing mobility of the workforce lead to loss of knowledge.

Why do we need KM now?

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Shallow and deep knowledge Knowledge as know how Commonsense as knowledge Reasoning and heuristics Procedural knowledge to episodic knowledge Explicit and tacit knowledge Expert knowledge Chunking knowledge

Types of knowledge
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Onsite observation Brain storming Electronic brainstorming The Delphi method Decision tree Nominal group technique Protocol analysis Concept mapping Black boarding

Knowledge management techniques

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Infrastructure System analysis Systems development Evaluation

Road map of knowledge management

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Intellectual or knowledge based asset can be defined as, anything valued without physical dimension that is embedded in people or derived from processes, systems and the culture associated with an organization--- brands , individual knowledge, intellectual property licenses, and forms of organizational knowledge.

Intellectual capital
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Customer capital

IC Human capital

Intellectual Capital Model

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Gravin defines the learning organization as an organization skilled at creating, acquiring and transferring knowledge and modifying its behaviour to reflect new knowledge and insights. According to Peter Senge learning organizations is one in which people at all levels, individually and collectively are continually increasing their capacity to produce results that they really care about.

Learning Organization
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McGill et al. suggested following attributes of learning organization: Openness System thinking Creativity Personal efficacy impartiality

Attributes of learning Organization

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Single loop learning

Double loop learning

Acc. To Chris Argyris two concept of learning

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Adaptive learning: It is the first stage of learning organization. It involves adapting to environmental changes and does not entail a change.
Generative learning: It involves creativity and innovation. The generative process leads to a total reframing of the organizations experiences and learning from that process.

Peter Senge coined 2 terms

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Determination of overall direction Formulation and implementation of ideas Nature of organizational thinking Conflict resolution Leadership and motivation

Difference Between Traditional

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organization and Learning Organization

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System Thinking Personal mastery Mental models Building shared vision Team learning

Other dimensions that distinguishes learning org. from traditional org. CIHRM _ Knwowledge
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